Maharashtra SSC Employability Skills ITI flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Employability skills

Transferable non-technical capabilities such as communication, teamwork, problem solving, digital literacy and work ethic that make a person hireable and able to keep a job across trades.

Apprenticeship

A time-bound training arrangement combining on-the-job training with a stipend and structured learning, usually under a written contract; it is not a permanent employment guarantee.

Active listening

Giving full attention without interrupting, then paraphrasing the speaker's meaning back and asking clarifying questions to confirm understanding before responding.

Communication feedback loop

The return message from receiver to sender confirming whether the message was decoded as intended; without feedback the sender cannot know communication succeeded.

Grapevine communication

Informal, unofficial workplace talk that spreads fast but is unverified and often distorted; useful as a signal, unreliable as a source of fact.

RAM versus storage

RAM is volatile working memory cleared when power is off; storage such as HDD or SSD is non-volatile and retains files and the operating system.

Phishing

A fraudulent message that imitates a trusted sender to steal passwords, OTPs or money, typically using urgency, bad spelling and a suspicious link or attachment.

File extension

The suffix after the dot in a filename that identifies the file type and the program that opens it, for example .docx, .xlsx, .pdf or .jpg.

Break-even quantity

The number of units that must be sold so total revenue equals total cost, calculated as fixed cost divided by selling price minus variable cost per unit.

Working capital

Current assets minus current liabilities; the money available to fund day-to-day operations such as raw material, wages and electricity.

Udyam registration

The Indian government registration for micro, small and medium enterprises, giving formal MSME recognition and access to credit, subsidy and scheme benefits.

Hierarchy of controls

The order of hazard control effectiveness: elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and personal protective equipment as the last defence.

PASS technique

The four steps for using a fire extinguisher: Pull the pin, Aim at the base of the fire, Squeeze the handle, Sweep side to side.

Lock-out tag-out

A safety procedure that isolates an energy source with a lock and warning tag so equipment cannot be started while maintenance is in progress.

5S workplace organisation

Five Japanese workplace disciplines: Sort, Set in order, Shine, Standardise and Sustain, used to keep work areas clean, ordered and safe.

Silicosis

A lung disease caused by inhaling fine silica dust from cutting or grinding concrete and stone; prevented by wet cutting, ventilation and a fitted respirator.

Noise action level

The exposure level at which hearing protection becomes necessary, commonly 85 decibels over an eight-hour working day; risk rises sharply above it.

Waste segregation colours

Standard bin coding: green for wet biodegradable waste, blue for dry recyclables, red for hazardous waste, and yellow for infectious or clinical waste.

Conflict of interest

A situation where a personal interest, gift or side job could improperly influence a work decision; it should be declared to the supervisor rather than hidden.

Workplace confidentiality

The duty not to disclose employer data, customer details, drawings or pricing outside the workplace, including through social media or personal messaging.

Eisenhower matrix

A prioritisation tool sorting tasks by urgency and importance: do urgent-important now, schedule important-not-urgent, delegate urgent-not-important, delete neither.

SMART goals

A goal-setting rule requiring goals to be Specific, Measurable, Achievable, Relevant and Time-bound so progress can be checked objectively.

Parkinson's Law

The observation that work expands to fill the time available for it, so fixed deadlines are used to prevent tasks from drifting.

Tuckman team stages

The sequence of team development: Forming, Storming, Norming, Performing and Adjourning, where early disagreement in Storming is a normal phase.

Assertive communication

Stating the issue, its impact and a clear request without attacking the person or staying silent; it sits between passive and aggressive behaviour.

Five Whys

A root-cause technique that repeatedly asks why a problem occurred, typically five times, until the underlying cause rather than the symptom is reached.

Fishbone diagram

A cause-and-effect diagram grouping possible causes under Man, Machine, Material, Method, Measurement and Environment to organise problem analysis.

PDCA cycle

A continuous improvement loop of Plan, Do, Check and Act, repeated until a problem is resolved and the improvement is standardised.

Recognition of Prior Learning

A Skill India assessment route that certifies skills gained through work experience without requiring the person to repeat full formal training.

Vertical career mobility

Movement upward in the organisational hierarchy, such as from technician to supervisor or foreman, usually requiring additional skills or qualifications.

Rule of 72

A quick estimate of doubling time for an investment: divide 72 by the annual interest rate percentage to get the approximate number of years.

Accounting equation

The fundamental balance Assets = Liabilities + Capital, which every financial transaction must keep true by adjusting at least two entries.

Debit and credit rule

Debits increase assets and expenses; credits increase liabilities, capital and income. Each transaction records equal debits and credits.