Maharashtra SSC Employability Skills ITI key terms

A personal quality or ability, such as communication, teamwork or punctuality, that makes a person attractive to employers and able to keep and grow in a job. It is learnt and improved through practice, not fixed at birth.

A non-technical ability such as listening, cooperating with others or managing time. These skills are shown through behaviour rather than certificates, and employers judge them in interviews and on the shop floor.

A teachable, measurable technical ability, such as welding a joint, wiring a circuit or operating a lathe. It is usually proved by a trade certificate or a practical trade test.

An official document or digital record issued by a recognised body confirming that a person has been assessed and found competent in a particular trade skill. It helps employers verify claims quickly.

The proven ability to perform a task to a required standard in a real work situation, combining knowledge, practical skill and the right attitude. It is judged by observed performance, not only by written theory.

The person who starts a message and decides what to say, to whom and through which channel. The sender is responsible for encoding the idea clearly so the receiver can understand it.

The person for whom a message is intended, who listens, reads or watches and then interprets it. Misunderstanding often happens when the receiver's background or language differs from the sender's.

The step where a sender turns an idea into words, gestures, pictures or symbols that can be transmitted. Poor encoding, such as vague words or unclear diagrams, causes confusion before the message even travels.

The receiver's response that tells the sender whether the message was understood as intended. In workplace communication feedback may be a nod, a question, a written reply or a corrected job.

Paying full attention to a speaker, avoiding interruption, and confirming understanding by summarising or asking questions. It reduces errors in instructions and shows respect to the person speaking.

Conveying meaning without words, through posture, eye contact, facial expression, gestures, tone of voice and physical distance. In a workshop, a hand signal may carry a safety instruction faster than speech.

The messages sent by the way a person stands, sits, moves and uses their hands and face. Crossed arms, slouching or avoiding eye contact can suggest disinterest even when the words are polite.

Anything that blocks or distorts a message, such as noise, poor signal, unfamiliar jargon, language difference, stress or a faulty channel. Naming the barrier is the first step to removing it.

The main software that starts a computer and manages its hardware, files and programs, letting the user run applications. Common examples are Windows, Linux and Android on mobile devices.

A program designed to help the user do a specific task, such as a word processor, spreadsheet, browser or billing app. It runs on top of the operating system.

Organising digital information by giving files clear names, placing them in folders and keeping backups. Good file management saves time and prevents loss of important documents.

Protecting accounts by using long, unique passwords, keeping them private and enabling two-step verification where offered. Reusing one simple password across accounts is a common cause of data theft.

A trick in which a fraudster pretends to be a bank, employer or government office to steal passwords, money or personal details. Warning signs include urgent demands, odd links and spelling mistakes.

The ability to use digital devices and the internet safely and effectively, including searching, filling online forms, sending email and recognising online risks. It is now a basic requirement in most jobs.

Keeping files on internet servers instead of only on one device, so they can be opened from other devices and restored if a phone or computer fails. Access depends on a working connection.

A grid-based program used to record numbers, calculate totals with formulas and draw simple charts. Small businesses use it for stock registers, wage sheets and expense records.

A person who spots a need, takes the financial risk of starting a business and organises the money, materials and people needed to meet it. Profit is the reward for that risk.

Earning a living by running one's own trade or small business instead of working for an employer. It offers independence but also means bearing the costs and risks personally.

A written outline of a business idea covering the product or service, target customers, costs, expected income and marketing steps. It helps the owner test the idea and convince lenders.

Collecting information from potential customers about what they need, what they will pay and who else supplies it. A simple survey reduces the chance of starting a business nobody wants.

The money a business needs for day-to-day running, such as buying raw material, paying wages and covering rent until customers pay. Shortage of it can stop an otherwise sound business.

Gear worn to reduce injury risk, such as helmets, safety goggles, gloves, ear plugs, masks and safety shoes. It is the last line of defence and must suit the hazard and fit properly.

Any source of possible harm in the workplace, such as exposed wiring, slippery floors, hot metal, unguarded machines or harmful fumes. A hazard exists even when no one has yet been hurt.

The process of identifying hazards, judging how likely and how serious the harm is, and deciding what controls to apply. Controls usually start with removing the hazard rather than just wearing protection.

A standard symbol or board that warns of danger, orders an action or marks safe routes, such as red circles for prohibition and green boards for exits. Workers must be able to read them instantly.

A set of work habits and values, including honesty, responsibility, care for quality and finishing tasks without constant supervision. It shapes how a worker behaves when nobody is watching.

Being honest and consistent in what one says and does, refusing bribes or shortcuts, and admitting mistakes instead of hiding them. It builds the trust that employers and customers depend on.

Owning the results of one's work, including errors, and reporting honestly to supervisors and colleagues. It means explaining what happened and correcting it, not finding someone else to blame.

Keeping private information, such as customer data, wages or company designs, from being shared without permission. Breaking it can cause legal trouble and loss of the employer's trust.

Arriving and starting work at the agreed time and meeting deadlines. Habitual lateness disrupts teams and production, and is one of the most common reasons for warnings in industry.

Planning how to use available hours by listing tasks, setting priorities and avoiding wasted effort. Good time management reduces stress and helps a worker finish jobs without overtime.

Deciding which tasks must be done first based on urgency and importance, so that critical work is never left until the deadline. It prevents busy activity from replacing real progress.

Staying away from work without valid reason or prior approval. Frequent absence overloads colleagues, delays orders and damages the worker's record and future prospects.

Working cooperatively with others towards a shared goal, sharing information and supporting colleagues when they fall behind. It produces results that one person alone could not achieve.

The ability to deal with people politely and effectively, including greeting, listening, giving feedback and handling disagreement calmly. These skills determine how smoothly a team works together.

Settling a disagreement by hearing both sides, focusing on the problem rather than the person, and agreeing a workable solution. Left unmanaged, small disputes grow into lost production and resignations.

A step-by-step approach to a difficulty: define it, gather facts, suggest options, test the best one and review the result. It stops workers from reacting blindly or repeating the same error.

Examining information and arguments before accepting them, checking evidence, spotting assumptions and asking whether a claim makes sense. It protects against rumours, unsafe shortcuts and false advice.

A method of tracing a fault back to its real origin instead of treating only the visible symptom, often by repeatedly asking why. It prevents the same breakdown or defect from returning.

Continuing to gain knowledge and skills throughout a career, through courses, reading, practice and learning from mistakes. Technology changes fast, so skills must be renewed to stay employable.

The planned sequence of jobs and learning steps a person follows, for example from trainee to technician to supervisor. A clear path guides which training and experience to seek next.

A short written summary of a person's education, skills, experience and references, used when applying for work. It should be truthful, neatly formatted and tailored to the job.

A plan of expected income and spending over a period, such as a month, used to control money before it is spent. It shows whether savings are possible or where cuts are needed.

Money set aside instead of being spent, usually kept in a bank or post office account for future needs and emergencies. Regular small savings grow and protect against sudden loss of income.

The charge paid for borrowing money, or the amount earned for keeping money in a deposit account, usually stated as a percentage per year. Comparing interest rates helps avoid costly loans.

Money borrowed from a bank, cooperative or moneylender that must be repaid, usually with interest, over an agreed period. Borrowing more than can be repaid leads to debt traps.

A record kept by a bank for a customer's deposits and withdrawals, accessible by passbook, card or mobile app. It provides safety for savings and proof of transactions.

A system in India for sending money instantly between bank accounts using a mobile app and a virtual address. Users must confirm the payee's name and never share their PIN.

Recording every business sale, purchase and payment in an orderly way so that income, expenses and balance can be checked. Clean records are needed for tax, loans and spotting losses.

The movement of money into and out of a business over a period. A business can show profit on paper yet fail if cash arrives too late to pay wages and suppliers.

Any cost incurred in running a home or business, such as rent, electricity, raw material, transport or wages. Tracking expenses shows where money leaks and where savings can be made.

The level of sales at which total income exactly covers total costs, so there is neither profit nor loss. Knowing it tells an entrepreneur the minimum they must sell to survive.