Maharashtra SSC Gujarati L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) study materials
Maharashtra SSC Gujarati L2/L3 (MSBSHSE) study resources

Maharashtra SSC Gujarati L2/L3 (MSBSHSE): Grammar application: sandhi, samas, idioms and word substitution

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Grammar application: sandhi, samas, idioms and word substitution

Grammar application: sandhi, samas, idioms and word substitution

This domain tests the descriptive grammar questions that recur in the paper: joining and splitting words (સંધિ), classifying compounds (સમાસ), explaining idioms (રૂઢિપ્રયોગ), one-word substitutions (શબ્દસમૂહ માટે એક શબ્દ), and synonyms and opposites (સમાનાર્થી, વિરુદ્ધાર્થી).

Sandhi

સ્વરસંધિ joins two vowels: વિદ્યા + આલય = વિદ્યાલય. વ્યંજનસંધિ involves a consonant: સત્ + જન = સજ્જન. Always state the two original words when the question asks you to split (સંધિ છોડો).

Samas

  • કર્મધારય: adjective plus noun, મહાન આત્મા → મહાત્મા.
  • તત્પુરુષ: second element dominates, રાજાનો પુત્ર → રાજપુત્ર.
  • દ્વંદ્વ: both members joined by અને, રામ અને લક્ષ્મણ → રામલક્ષ્મણ.
  • બહુવ્રીહિ: the compound names someone else, લાંબું ઉદર જેનું તે → લંબોદર.
  • અવ્યયીભાવ: first element is indeclinable, શક્તિ પ્રમાણે → યથાશક્તિ.

Worked example

Split લંબોદર and name the samas. Expand it as લાંબું ઉદર જેનું તે; the compound does not mean the belly but the person who has it, so it is બહુવ્રીહિ. If the answer had been merely લાંબું ઉદર, it would be કર્મધારય - the test is whether the compound points to an outside referent.

Idioms and substitutions

Idioms carry meaning beyond their words: આંખમાં ધૂળ નાખવી means to deceive, આંખનો તારો means a very dear person, નાકમાં દમ આવવો means to be exasperated. One-word answers include જેને હરાવી શકાય નહીં તે → અજેય, દરરોજ થતું → દૈનિક, થોડું બોલનારો → મિતભાષી.

Traps that cost marks

  • Explaining an idiom literally instead of giving its accepted sense.
  • Splitting a sandhi into the wrong pair of words.
  • Calling every compound કર્મધારય without testing the referent.
  • Giving a one-word substitution that is a phrase rather than a single word.