Mukhya Sevika flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Object permanence

The understanding that objects continue to exist even when out of sight. It develops in the sensorimotor stage, typically around 8 to 12 months of age.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's concept describing the gap between what a child can do alone and what the child can do with adult or peer guidance and scaffolding.

Colostrum

The thick yellowish first milk produced after delivery. It is rich in antibodies, especially IgA, and vitamin A, and protects the newborn from infection.

Kwashiorkor

A form of severe protein-energy malnutrition marked by oedema, moon face, sparse hair and flaky paint dermatosis, occurring mainly in children aged one to three years.

MUAC cut-off for SAM

Mid-upper arm circumference below 11.5 cm in children aged 6 to 59 months indicates severe acute malnutrition and requires immediate referral for treatment.

Exclusive breastfeeding

Giving only breast milk, with no water, other liquids or food, for the first six months of life, followed by complementary feeding with continued breastfeeding.

ORS and zinc therapy

Low-osmolarity oral rehydration salts treat dehydration in diarrhoea, while zinc given for 14 days reduces duration and severity and prevents recurrence.

Pneumonia danger sign

Fast breathing above age-specific thresholds, chest indrawing or stridor in a child with cough or difficult breathing indicates pneumonia needing urgent referral.

Vitamin A prophylaxis schedule

Nine doses of vitamin A given every six months from nine months to five years of age to prevent night blindness and reduce child mortality.

Six ICDS services

Supplementary nutrition, non-formal pre-school education, immunisation, health check-up, referral services, and nutrition and health education delivered through Anganwadi Centres.

PMMVY benefit

Pradhan Mantri Matru Vandana Yojana provides Rs 5000 in instalments for the first living child and Rs 6000 for a second child if a girl.

POSHAN Abhiyaan targets

The National Nutrition Mission aims to reduce stunting, undernutrition and anaemia, and to reduce low birth weight through convergence and real-time monitoring.

Beti Bachao Beti Padhao

A national initiative to improve the child sex ratio, promote girls' education and prevent gender-biased sex selection, implemented in low child sex ratio districts.

Community mobilisation

The process of engaging community members, leaders and groups to identify needs, plan together and take collective action for shared development goals.

Behaviour change communication

A planned communication approach using interpersonal, group and mass media channels to promote healthy practices and shift social norms in a community.

Social audit

A participatory review of programme records and entitlements by community members to check transparency, accountability and delivery quality of services.

Supportive supervision

A supervision approach based on observation, guidance, demonstration and constructive feedback that builds worker capacity rather than finding faults and punishing.

ICDS-CAS

The Common Application Software used in ICDS for real-time digital capture of growth monitoring, nutrition distribution and pre-school data at Anganwadi Centres.

Growth monitoring chart

A chart plotting a child's weight and height against age and sex standards; a flat or falling curve signals growth faltering needing assessment.

Play-way method

An approach to pre-school education in which learning happens through play, songs, stories, art and hands-on materials suited to the child's developmental stage.

Thematic lesson planning

Planning pre-school activities around a central theme such as festivals, animals or transport, integrating language, art, music and motor activities into a coherent unit.

School readiness

The set of physical, cognitive, language and socio-emotional skills a child needs to adjust and learn successfully in formal primary school.

POCSO Act 2012

The Protection of Children from Sexual Offences Act provides child-friendly reporting and special courts for sexual offences against children below eighteen years.

Article 21A

The constitutional article making free and compulsory education a fundamental right for children aged six to fourteen years, implemented through the RTE Act.

Poshan Maah

The National Nutrition Month observed every September to intensify community awareness on maternal and child nutrition through camps, rallies and home visits.

Simple interest formula

Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by one hundred; it is calculated on the original principal only.

Average formula

Average equals the sum of all observations divided by the number of observations; weighted average divides the sum of value-times-weight by total weight.

Time and work formula

If A completes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy divided by x plus y days.

Active listening

A communication skill involving full attention, paraphrasing, reflecting feelings and asking open questions to understand the speaker's message accurately.

Communication barriers

Physical, semantic, psychological, cultural and organisational factors that distort or block a message between sender and receiver and require feedback to overcome.

Minutes of a meeting

A formal written record of a meeting covering date, attendees, agenda, discussions, decisions taken and action points with responsible persons and deadlines.

Report writing structure

A formal report presents a title, introduction, objectives, methodology, findings, recommendations and conclusion in clear, concise and objective language.