MahaTransco LDC flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

विभक्ती प्रत्यय

Marathi case suffixes attach to nouns to show grammatical role. Examples: -ने marks the agent, -ला/-स the object, -चा/-ची/-चे possession, and -त/-मध्ये location. Eight cases are recognised in school grammar.

समास

A Marathi compound in which two or more words combine into one. Main types are द्वंद्व, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, बहुव्रीहि and अव्ययीभाव; the last member usually determines the compound's grammatical behaviour.

अनुस्वार vs अनुनासिक

अनुस्वार (ं) is a nasal sound written as a dot and pronounced through the nose without full closure. अनुनासिक (ँ) is a nasalised vowel, marked by a chandrabindu, as in हँसना.

अलंकार

A figure of speech that decorates language. उपमा compares with words like सारखा or प्रमाणे; रूपक identifies one thing with another; अनुप्रास repeats initial consonants for sound effect.

Present perfect tense

Formed with has/have plus the past participle. It links a past action to the present and cannot be used with a finished past time marker such as yesterday or last year.

Active to passive voice

The object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the original subject follows 'by'. Only transitive verbs can be made passive.

Reported speech tense shift

When the reporting verb is past, the reported tense usually moves one step back: present to past, past to past perfect, will to would. Pronouns change according to speaker and listener.

Subject-verb agreement

The verb agrees with its subject in number and person. 'One of the boys is' takes a singular verb; each, every, either and neither are singular; collective nouns are singular unless members act separately.

Successive percentage change

Two successive changes of a% and b% equal a single change of a + b + ab/100 percent. A 20% rise then a 20% fall leaves a net 4% fall, not zero.

Compound interest formula

CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1]. For two years, the gap between compound and simple interest equals P(R/100)², which is useful for direct exam questions.

Average speed, equal distances

When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed is 2xy/(x + y), the harmonic mean. It is never the arithmetic mean of the two speeds.

Time and work, two workers

If A alone takes x days and B alone takes y days, together they finish in xy/(x + y) days. Taking the LCM of x and y as total work simplifies multi-worker problems.

LCM and HCF relation

For two positive integers, LCM × HCF equals the product of the numbers. This lets you find one value when the other three are known.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion is valid only if it is true in every possible diagram of the premises. 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A', but 'Some A are B' can be reversed.

Circular seating direction

Facing the centre, a person's right is anticlockwise and left is clockwise. When people face outward, the directions reverse. Draw the circle before placing anyone.

Clock hand angle

The angle between hour and minute hands is |30H − 5.5M| degrees, where H is the hour and M the minutes. If the result exceeds 180, subtract it from 360.

Calendar odd days

A normal year shifts the weekday by 1 and a leap year by 2. Century codes for 1600, 1700, 1800, 1900 and 2000 are 6, 4, 2, 0 and 6 respectively.

Blood relation notation

Draw a tree: plus sign for male, minus for female, horizontal line for siblings or spouses, and vertical line for parent-child. Fix one person and build outward before answering.

Maharashtra revenue divisions

Maharashtra has six revenue divisions - Konkan, Pune, Nashik, Chhatrapati Sambhajinagar (Aurangabad), Amravati and Nagpur - and 36 districts. Pune division has the most districts.

Maharashtra state symbols

State animal is the Indian giant squirrel (शेकरू), state bird the yellow-footed green pigeon (हरियाल), state tree the mango and state flower the jarul (Pride of India).

Maharashtra Day

Observed on 1 May, marking the 1960 division of bilingual Bombay State into Maharashtra and Gujarat under the Bombay Reorganisation Act, with Mumbai as Maharashtra's capital.

Chandrayaan-3 landing

ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission soft-landed the Vikram lander near the Moon's south pole in August 2023, making India the first country to reach that region.

Excel absolute reference

A reference written as $A$1 with dollar signs is absolute and does not change when the formula is copied. Relative references like A1 shift with the copy direction.

Excel error values

#DIV/0! means division by zero, #REF! a deleted cell reference, #VALUE! wrong data type, #NAME? unrecognised text in a formula, and #N/A a value not available.

Email Cc and Bcc

Cc sends a visible copy to additional recipients; Bcc sends a hidden copy whose addresses other recipients cannot see. Reply goes to the sender, Reply All to everyone.

Computer memory units

1 byte is 8 bits; 1 KB is 1024 bytes, 1 MB is 1024 KB and 1 GB is 1024 MB. RAM is volatile working memory; ROM retains data when power is off.

MahaTransco role

The Maharashtra State Electricity Transmission Company, incorporated in June 2005, owns and operates the state transmission network and supplies bulk power to distribution licensees and other users.

MERC functions

The Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission sets tariffs, grants licences, approves multi-year tariff petitions and regulates the state's generation, transmission and distribution utilities.

Ohm's law and power

Ohm's law states V = IR. Power equals VI, which also equals I²R and V²/R. These three forms let you solve for any unknown in a DC circuit.

Power factor

Power factor is cos φ, the ratio of real power in watts to apparent power in volt-amperes. A low value means higher current for the same load and greater losses.

Service book purpose

A service book is the official record of an employee's date of birth, appointment, postings, leave, increments, promotions and punishments, maintained by the appointing authority.

RTI response timeline

Under the Right to Information Act, 2005, the Public Information Officer replies within 30 days, or within 48 hours where life or liberty is involved. A first appeal follows within 30 days.