Maharashtra Gram Sevak flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

विभक्ती (Case in Marathi)

Marathi nouns and pronouns change form by case; there are eight cases, from प्रथमा to संबोधन. Each case has its own suffix, such as -ला for द्वितीया and -चा/-ची/-चे for षष्ठी.

समास (Compound words)

A समास joins two or more words into one. Types are अव्ययीभाव, तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व and बहुव्रीही. Example: राजपुत्र is तत्पुरुष, नीलकमळ is कर्मधारय.

अलंकार (Figures of speech)

अलंकार are poetic devices that decorate language. उपमा compares directly using सारखा, रूपक identifies one thing as another, अनुप्रास repeats consonants, and यमक repeats words with different meanings.

म्हणी versus वाक्प्रचार

वाक्प्रचार are fixed idiomatic phrases whose meaning is figurative, such as हाताला काम लागणे meaning to be busy. म्हणी are complete proverbs carrying traditional wisdom, tested by matching meaning.

Active to passive voice

In passive voice the object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of be plus the past participle, and the doer follows 'by'. Example: She writes a letter becomes A letter is written by her.

Subject-verb agreement rules

A singular subject takes a singular verb. Words like each, every, everyone, either and neither are singular. With neither...nor, the verb agrees with the nearer subject.

Direct to indirect speech

When reporting speech, present tenses shift to past, pronouns change to third person, and time words change: today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day, here becomes there.

Articles a, an, the

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, as in an hour and a university. Use 'the' for unique things or nouns already mentioned.

Fundamental Rights and Duties

Fundamental Rights occupy Part III, Articles 12 to 35. Directive Principles are in Part IV, Articles 36 to 51. Fundamental Duties were added by the 42nd Amendment in 1976 as Article 51A.

Parliament composition

The Lok Sabha has 543 elected members and the Rajya Sabha 245, of whom 12 are nominated. A money bill can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.

Major UN bodies and locations

The United Nations was founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York. WHO and WTO are in Geneva, while the IMF and World Bank are in Washington DC.

Chandrayaan-3 mission

ISRO's Chandrayaan-3 mission landed a lander near the lunar south pole in August 2023, making India the first country to reach that region of the Moon.

Formation of Maharashtra

Maharashtra was created on 1 May 1960 under the Bombay Reorganisation Act, which split bilingual Bombay State into Maharashtra and Gujarat. Yashwantrao Chavan was the first Chief Minister.

Maharashtra state symbols

Maharashtra's state animal is the Indian giant squirrel (shekru), the state bird is the yellow-footed green pigeon (hariyal), the state flower is jarul, and the state fruit is mango.

Godavari and Krishna rivers

The Godavari, called Dakshin Ganga, rises at Trimbakeshwar in Nashik district. The Krishna rises at Mahabaleshwar. The Tapi is the only major river flowing west.

Warkari tradition

The Warkari sect worships Vithoba of Pandharpur. Saints Dnyaneshwar, Namdev, Eknath and Tukaram wrote in Marathi, and the Ashadhi Ekadashi Wari draws pilgrims on foot.

73rd Constitutional Amendment

The 73rd Amendment of 1992 gave Panchayati Raj constitutional status through Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule, which lists 29 subjects for panchayat functions.

Three-tier Panchayati Raj

Panchayati Raj has three tiers: Gram Panchayat at village level, Panchayat Samiti at block level, and Zilla Parishad at district level. The Gram Sabha includes all registered village voters.

MGNREGA guarantees

MGNREGA, enacted in 2005, guarantees 100 days of unskilled wage employment per rural household each year. At least one-third of beneficiaries must be women, and wages are paid within 15 days.

DAY-NRLM (Aajeevika)

Deendayal Antyodaya Yojana–National Rural Livelihoods Mission organises rural poor women into Self-Help Groups and provides revolving funds, community investment support and bank credit linkage.

Kharif, Rabi and Zaid seasons

Kharif crops such as rice, cotton and soybean are sown with the monsoon in June and July. Rabi crops such as wheat and gram are grown in winter. Zaid is the short summer season.

Black cotton soil

Black cotton soil, also called regur, has high clay content and retains moisture well. It is suited to cotton and is common in Vidarbha and Marathwada regions of Maharashtra.

Drip and sprinkler irrigation

Micro-irrigation delivers water directly to roots through drip lines or sprays it through sprinklers. It saves water and is subsidised under the Pradhan Mantri Krishi Sinchayee Yojana.

Integrated Pest Management

IPM controls pests by combining biological control, pheromone traps, resistant varieties and neem-based formulations, using chemical pesticides only when pest levels cross economic thresholds.

Simple and compound interest

Simple interest equals P × R × T / 100. Compound interest amount equals P(1 + R/100)^T. For two years, the difference between CI and SI equals P(R/100) squared.

Successive percentage change

When a quantity changes by a% and then b%, the net change is a + b + ab/100 percent. Two successive 10% increases therefore give a net increase of 21%.

Speed conversion and relative speed

To convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18. When bodies move in opposite directions their relative speed is the sum; in the same direction it is the difference.

Letter positions in reasoning

In coding-decoding, letters are numbered A=1 through Z=26. Reversing the alphabet maps A to 26 and Z to 1, a common basis for coding questions.

Memory units

One byte equals eight bits. One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes, one megabyte equals 1024 kilobytes, and one gigabyte equals 1024 megabytes. RAM is volatile while ROM is non-volatile.

Common Windows shortcuts

Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+Z undoes, Ctrl+S saves, Ctrl+P prints, and Alt+F4 closes the active window.

Spreadsheet formulas

In spreadsheet software such as Excel, every formula begins with an equals sign. Formulas can add, subtract, multiply or divide cell values and can use built-in functions like SUM and AVERAGE.

Government digital services

Aadhaar provides a unique identity number, DigiLocker stores documents digitally, UMANG hosts many government services, and Common Service Centres deliver e-governance to rural citizens.