MP Jail Prahari cheat sheet
MP Jail Prahari · Keep the key ideas within reach.
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Indian Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950; Dr. B. R. Ambedkar chaired the Drafting Committee.
Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12–35); Fundamental Duties in Part IVA (Article 51A, added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976).
The President is elected by an electoral college of elected MPs and elected MLAs; the Vice-President is elected by both Houses of Parliament only.
Lok Sabha maximum strength is 552; Rajya Sabha maximum is 250 (238 elected + 12 nominated).
National symbols: national bird Indian peacock, national animal Bengal tiger, national flower lotus, national fruit mango, national river Ganga.
Nobel laureates from India: Rabindranath Tagore (Literature, 1913), C. V. Raman (Physics, 1930), Amartya Sen (Economics, 1998), Kailash Satyarthi (Peace, 2014).
Firsts: first Indian in space Rakesh Sharma (1984); first woman IPS officer Kiran Bedi; first Indian Nobel laureate Rabindranath Tagore.
Current affairs are dated: verify appointments, schemes, and sports results against the exam's cut-off date rather than memory.
General Science
Newton's laws: F = ma; every action has an equal and opposite reaction; a body stays at rest or in uniform motion without net force.
Ohm's law V = IR; power P = VI = I²R = V²/R; series resistance adds, parallel resistance uses 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂.
Speed of light in vacuum ≈ 3 × 10⁸ m/s; sound in air ≈ 343 m/s at 20 °C and cannot travel through vacuum.
pH scale 0–14: below 7 acidic, 7 neutral, above 7 basic; litmus turns red in acid and blue in base.
Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, occurring in chloroplasts with chlorophyll trapping light.
Human body: 206 bones in adults, 32 teeth in adults, normal body temperature 37 °C, blood pH about 7.4.
Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell; ribosomes synthesise protein; the nucleus contains DNA.
Common chemical formulas: H₂O water, CO₂ carbon dioxide, NaCl sodium chloride, H₂SO₄ sulphuric acid, CaCO₃ calcium carbonate, NH₃ ammonia.
Mathematics / Quantitative Aptitude
Average = sum of terms ÷ number of terms; for two speeds over equal distances, average speed = 2xy/(x+y).
Percentage change = (new − old)/old × 100; successive changes of a% and b% give net change a + b + ab/100.
Simple interest = PRT/100; compound interest amount A = P(1 + R/100)^T.
Profit% = profit/CP × 100; selling price = CP × (100 + profit%)/100.
Speed–distance–time: distance = speed × time; 1 km/h = 5/18 m/s; to convert m/s to km/h multiply by 18/5.
Work: if A alone takes a days and B alone b days, together they take ab/(a+b) days.
Ratio and mixture: alligation gives ratio of quantities = (mean − cheaper) : (dearer − mean).
Mensuration: circle area πr², circumference 2πr; cylinder volume πr²h; sphere volume (4/3)πr³; triangle area ½ × base × height.
LCM × HCF = product of the two numbers; divisibility by 3 or 9 depends on the digit sum.
Hindi Language
वर्णमाला में स्वर 11 और व्यंजन 33 होते हैं; कुल 44 वर्ण माने जाते हैं।
स्वर के तीन भेद हैं - ह्रस्व (अ, इ, उ, ऋ), दीर्घ (आ, ई, ऊ), और प्लुत; संयुक्त स्वर संधि से बनते हैं।
व्यंजन के भेद: स्पर्श (क–म), अंतःस्थ (य, र, ल, व), ऊष्म (श, ष, स, ह)।
संधि के तीन प्रकार: स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय (दीर्घ संधि)।
समास के छह भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, अव्ययीभाव।
उपसर्ग शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़ता है, प्रत्यय अंत में; जैसे 'अनु' + 'शासन' = अनुशासन।
पर्यायवाची, विलोम, अनेकार्थी और मुहावरे प्रश्नों में शब्द का प्रयोग-संदर्भ देखकर उत्तर चुनें।
वाक्य के अंग: उद्देश्य और विधेय; वाक्य भेद - सरल, संयुक्त, मिश्र।
मुहावरा अपने शब्दार्थ से भिन्न लाक्षणिक अर्थ देता है, जबकि लोकोक्ति पूर्ण वाक्य-रूप में कहावत है।
English Language
Parts of speech: noun, pronoun, verb, adjective, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection; identify by function in the sentence.
Subject–verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each, every, either, neither' take a singular verb.
Tenses: present perfect uses has/have + past participle; past perfect uses had + past participle for the earlier action.
Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'.
Direct to indirect speech: shift tense one step back and change pronouns by the reporting subject; 'today' becomes 'that day'.
Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds (an hour, a university); 'the' for definite or unique reference.
Prepositions of time: in for months/years, on for days/dates, at for clock times.
Common idioms: 'a blessing in disguise' means an apparent misfortune that turns out well; 'to beat about the bush' means to avoid the point.
Synonyms and antonyms are best judged by the word's part of speech and the tone of the sentence.
Madhya Pradesh General Knowledge and Culture
Madhya Pradesh was formed on 1 November 1956; its capital is Bhopal and it is called the 'Heart of India'.
State symbols: state animal barasingha (swamp deer), state bird dudhraj (Indian paradise flycatcher), state tree banyan, state fish mahseer.
Major rivers: Narmada (lifeline of MP), Chambal, Betwa, Sone, Tapti; Narmada originates at Amarkantak.
National parks include Kanha, Bandhavgarh, Pench, Satpura, Panna, and Madhav; Kanha inspired Kipling's 'The Jungle Book'.
UNESCO World Heritage Sites: Khajuraho temples, Sanchi stupa, Bhimbetka rock shelters, and the Pachmarhi hill station within the Satpura range.
Fairs and festivals: Khajuraho Dance Festival, Tansen Samaroh in Gwalior, Lokrang in Bhopal, Nimar Utsav, and Bhagoria festival of the Bhil community.
Folk dances: Matki, Grida, Karma, Saila, Tertali, and Rai; Rai is associated with the Bundelkhand region.
Historical figures: Rani Durgavati of Gondwana, Ahilyabai Holkar of Indore, and Tansen, one of the nine jewels of Akbar's court.
Tribal groups include Gond, Bhil, Baiga, Korku, and Sahariya; Baiga are known for their distinctive tattoos and shifting cultivation.