OSSC Soil Conservation Extension Worker flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Article 48A

Directive Principle of State Policy in the Indian Constitution that directs the State to protect and improve the environment and safeguard forests and wildlife.

World Soil Day

Observed annually on 5 December to raise awareness about the importance of healthy soil and sustainable soil management.

Odia Sandhi

The phonological process of joining two adjacent sounds or words, often resulting in a combined form, e.g., ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟ + ଉଦୟ = ସୂର୍ଯ୍ୟୋଦୟ.

Odia Samasa

A compound word formed by combining two or more words; major types include ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ, ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ, ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି, କର୍ମଧାରୟ, and ଦ୍ୱିଗୁ.

Subject-verb agreement

Grammatical rule that the verb must agree in number and person with its subject; singular subjects take singular verbs, plural subjects take plural verbs.

Active vs passive voice

Active voice has the subject performing the action; passive voice has the subject receiving the action, formed with a form of 'be' plus past participle.

Percentage change formula

Percentage change = (new value – old value) / old value × 100; a positive result indicates increase, negative indicates decrease.

Average speed (equal distances)

When equal distances are covered at speeds x and y, average speed = 2xy/(x+y), not the arithmetic mean of the two speeds.

CPU components

Central Processing Unit consists of Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU), Control Unit (CU), and registers; it executes instructions and processes data.

RAM vs ROM

RAM is volatile memory used for temporary data storage during processing; ROM is non-volatile memory storing permanent instructions like firmware.

Soil texture triangle

A triangular diagram used to classify soil into textural classes (sand, loam, clay, etc.) based on percentages of sand, silt, and clay.

Universal Soil Loss Equation

A=R×K×LS×C×P, where A is soil loss, R rainfall erosivity, K soil erodibility, LS slope length/steepness, C cover management, P support practice.

Contour bunding

A soil conservation practice of constructing small earthen embankments along contour lines to reduce runoff velocity and prevent soil erosion on sloping lands.

Kharif season

The monsoon cropping season in India, typically from June to October, when crops like rice, maize, and cotton are grown with rainfall.

Watershed

A geographic area that drains all precipitation to a common outlet such as a river, lake, or reservoir; managed for soil and water conservation.

Integrated Pest Management

An eco-friendly approach combining cultural, mechanical, biological, and chemical methods to control pests below economic threshold levels.

Extension education

Non-formal education aimed at rural people to bring about desirable changes in knowledge, skills, and attitudes through planned communication.

Adoption process

The mental process through which an individual passes from first hearing about an innovation to final adoption: awareness, interest, evaluation, trial, adoption.

MGNREGA

Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005, guarantees 100 days of wage employment per rural household per year, focusing on water conservation and land development.

PM-KISAN

Pradhan Mantri Kisan Samman Nidhi, a central scheme providing income support of ₹6,000 per year in three installments to small and marginal farmer families.

Soil Health Card

A government scheme launched in 2015 that provides farmers with soil nutrient status and fertilizer recommendations for their fields.

Panchayati Raj

A three-tier system of local self-government in rural India-Gram Panchayat, Panchayat Samiti, and Zilla Parishad-established by the 73rd Constitutional Amendment.

Odia Vibhakti

Case endings in Odia grammar that indicate the grammatical relation of a noun or pronoun to other words in a sentence, such as -କୁ, -ରେ, -ରୁ.

Odia idioms

Phrases with figurative meanings different from literal words; knowledge of common ବାଗଧାରା is essential for Odia language comprehension tests.

Prepositions of time

In English, 'since' is used with a point in time, 'for' with a duration, 'in' with months/years, and 'on' with days/dates.

One-word substitution

Replacing a phrase with a single word, e.g., 'a person who loves mankind' = philanthropist; commonly tested in vocabulary sections.

Simple interest formula

SI = (Principal × Rate × Time) / 100; used to calculate interest on a principal amount without compounding.

Blood relations reasoning

Solving family relationship puzzles by drawing a family tree and using symbols to represent relationships like father, mother, brother, sister.

Computer shortcut keys

Keyboard combinations that perform quick actions: Ctrl+C (copy), Ctrl+V (paste), Ctrl+Z (undo), Ctrl+S (save), Ctrl+P (print).

Soil pH

A measure of soil acidity or alkalinity on a scale of 0–14; pH below 6.5 is acidic, 6.5–7.5 neutral, above 7.5 alkaline, affecting nutrient availability.

Integrated Nutrient Management

The combined use of chemical fertilizers, organic manures, and biofertilizers to maintain soil fertility and crop productivity sustainably.

Result demonstration

An extension teaching method that shows farmers the actual results of a new practice on a field, comparing it with local practices to encourage adoption.