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OSSC Soil Conservation Extension Worker study materials
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OSSC Soil Conservation Extension Worker practice questions

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Question 1General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which Indian constitutional body is responsible for conducting elections to the Lok Sabha and State Legislative Assemblies?

  1. Election Commission of India Correct answer.
  2. Union Public Service Commission
  3. NITI Aayog
  4. Finance Commission

Explanation

The Election Commission of India, established under Article 324 of the Constitution, is the constitutional authority that superintends and conducts elections to Parliament and State Legislatures. The other bodies listed handle planning, civil-service recruitment, and fiscal transfers respectively, not elections.

Question 2General Awareness and Current Affairs

In the context of Indian agriculture, 'Kharif' crops are those that are mainly sown during which period?

  1. The end of winter, around February
  2. The onset of the monsoon, around June-July Correct answer.
  3. The post-monsoon winter months, around October
  4. The peak summer months of April-May

Explanation

Kharif crops such as paddy, maize, and cotton are sown with the arrival of the southwest monsoon around June-July and harvested in autumn. Rabi crops are instead sown in winter, so the monsoon onset is the defining sowing window for Kharif cultivation.

Question 3General Awareness and Current Affairs

The headquarters of the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations is located in which city?

  1. Rome Correct answer.
  2. Vienna
  3. New York
  4. Geneva

Explanation

The FAO, a specialised UN agency dealing with food security and agriculture, has its headquarters in Rome, Italy. Geneva, New York, and Vienna host other UN and international organisations but not the FAO secretariat.

Question 4General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which day is observed in India as 'World Soil Day' to highlight the importance of healthy soils?

  1. 16 September
  2. 5 December Correct answer.
  3. 22 April
  4. 5 June

Explanation

World Soil Day is observed on 5 December, a date endorsed by the FAO to promote sustainable soil management. The other dates mark different environmental observances, so 5 December is the correct soil-specific date.

Question 5General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Reserve Bank of India formulates and implements which of the following as its core mandate?

  1. Agricultural price policy
  2. Labour welfare policy
  3. Foreign trade policy
  4. Monetary policy Correct answer.

Explanation

Under the RBI Act, the central bank is entrusted with formulating and implementing monetary policy to maintain price stability while supporting growth. Trade, agricultural pricing, and labour welfare fall under other ministries and agencies.

Question 6General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which is the largest state of India by geographical area?

  1. Uttar Pradesh
  2. Rajasthan Correct answer.
  3. Maharashtra
  4. Madhya Pradesh

Explanation

Rajasthan covers roughly 342,000 square kilometres, making it the largest Indian state by area. Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra, and Uttar Pradesh are large but smaller than Rajasthan.

Question 7General Awareness and Current Affairs

The 'Green Revolution' in India is most closely associated with which crop?

  1. Sugarcane
  2. Tea
  3. Jute
  4. Wheat Correct answer.

Explanation

The Green Revolution of the 1960s and 1970s, led by scientists such as M. S. Swaminathan, introduced high-yielding wheat varieties that sharply raised production, especially in Punjab and Haryana. Jute, tea, and sugarcane were not the focus of that productivity drive.

Question 8General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which Indian institution is the apex body for agricultural research and education, funded by the Union government?

  1. Council of Scientific and Industrial Research
  2. Indian Council of Agricultural Research Correct answer.
  3. Indian Institute of Science
  4. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

Explanation

The Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) is the apex national body coordinating agricultural research, education, and extension through a network of institutes and state agricultural universities. CSIR covers broader scientific research, IISc is a university, and NABARD is a development bank.

Question 9General Awareness and Current Affairs

Under the Indian Constitution, 'agriculture and agricultural extension' falls primarily in which legislative list?

  1. Concurrent List
  2. Union List
  3. State List Correct answer.
  4. Residuary powers of the President

Explanation

Agriculture, including agricultural extension and education, is placed in the State List, which is why state governments run most extension machinery. The Union List covers subjects of national importance such as defence, while the Concurrent List contains shared subjects like education.

Question 10General Awareness and Current Affairs

The Minimum Support Price (MSP) for major crops is recommended by which body?

  1. Reserve Bank of India
  2. Food Corporation of India
  3. National Agricultural Cooperative Marketing Federation
  4. Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices Correct answer.

Explanation

The Commission for Agricultural Costs and Prices (CACP) recommends MSPs after considering cost of production and market factors, and the Cabinet Committee on Economic Affairs approves them. The FCI procures grain, NAFED handles cooperatives, and the RBI has no role in MSP.

Question 11General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which soil type, rich in iron and aluminium oxides and typically red in colour, is common in parts of peninsular India?

  1. Red soil Correct answer.
  2. Alluvial soil
  3. Peaty soil
  4. Black cotton soil

Explanation

Red soils develop from crystalline igneous and metamorphic rocks where iron oxides give them their characteristic colour, and they occur widely in peninsular India. Alluvial soils are transported by rivers, black soils are clay-rich, and peaty soils form in waterlogged organic conditions.

Question 12General Awareness and Current Affairs

A farmer wants to reduce soil erosion on a steep slope. Which practice is most directly suited to that goal?

  1. Deep ploughing up and down the slope
  2. Contour bunding along the slope's contours Correct answer.
  3. Burning crop residue before sowing
  4. Flood irrigation across the entire field

Explanation

Contour bunding creates barriers along the contour lines so that runoff is slowed and trapped, reducing soil loss on sloping land. Ploughing downslope, residue burning, and uncontrolled flooding all tend to accelerate erosion rather than control it.

Question 13General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which Indian scheme, launched in 2015, aims to provide soil health cards to farmers with crop-wise nutrient recommendations?

  1. Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Grameen Kaushalya Yojana
  2. Pradhan Mantri Fasal Bima Yojana
  3. Swachh Bharat Mission
  4. Soil Health Card Scheme Correct answer.

Explanation

The Soil Health Card Scheme, launched in 2015, issues cards that report soil nutrient status and advise farmers on appropriate fertiliser doses. The other schemes deal with crop insurance, sanitation, and rural skill development.

Question 14General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which gas is most responsible for the depletion of the ozone layer and is controlled under the Montreal Protocol?

  1. Methane
  2. Chlorofluorocarbons Correct answer.
  3. Carbon dioxide
  4. Nitrogen

Explanation

Chlorofluorocarbons release chlorine atoms in the stratosphere that break down ozone molecules, and the Montreal Protocol phases out their production. Carbon dioxide and methane are greenhouse gases linked to climate change, while nitrogen is inert in this context.

Question 15General Awareness and Current Affairs

In India, the National Green Tribunal primarily deals with which type of cases?

  1. Environmental protection and conservation disputes Correct answer.
  2. Criminal offences under the IPC
  3. Direct tax disputes
  4. Service matters of government employees

Explanation

The National Green Tribunal, established in 2010, has jurisdiction over civil cases involving environmental protection, conservation of forests, and enforcement of environmental laws. Criminal matters, tax disputes, and service matters fall to other courts and tribunals.

Question 16General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following is a leguminous crop that helps fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil?

  1. Maize
  2. Wheat
  3. Rice
  4. Chickpea Correct answer.

Explanation

Chickpea is a legume that forms a symbiotic association with Rhizobium bacteria in root nodules, converting atmospheric nitrogen into plant-usable forms and enriching soil fertility. Wheat, maize, and rice are cereals that do not fix nitrogen in this way.

Question 17General Awareness and Current Affairs

The 'Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen)' primarily targets which of the following?

  1. Urban metro rail construction
  2. Rural sanitation and open defecation-free villages Correct answer.
  3. Rural electrification
  4. Primary health insurance

Explanation

Swachh Bharat Mission (Grameen) focuses on rural sanitation, construction of household toilets, and achieving open defecation-free status in villages. Metro construction, rural electrification, and health insurance are covered by separate programmes.

Question 18General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which is India's National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, set up to provide credit for agriculture and rural development?

  1. EXIM Bank
  2. SEBI
  3. NABARD Correct answer.
  4. SIDBI

Explanation

NABARD is the apex development bank for agriculture and rural credit, refinancing rural lending institutions and supporting rural infrastructure. SIDBI serves small industries, EXIM Bank handles trade finance, and SEBI regulates securities markets.

Question 19General Awareness and Current Affairs

The term 'carbon sequestration' in the context of soil conservation refers to which process?

  1. Capturing and storing atmospheric carbon in soil and vegetation Correct answer.
  2. Burning crop residue to produce ash
  3. Extracting groundwater for irrigation
  4. Releasing carbon dioxide from soil through tillage

Explanation

Carbon sequestration is the capture and long-term storage of atmospheric carbon dioxide in soil organic matter and plant biomass, and conservation practices such as reduced tillage and cover cropping enhance it. Releasing carbon through tillage or burning has the opposite effect.

Question 20General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which Indian state is the leading producer of coffee, accounting for the largest share of national output?

  1. Assam
  2. Kerala
  3. Karnataka Correct answer.
  4. Tamil Nadu

Explanation

Karnataka, particularly the Kodagu and Chikmagalur regions, produces the largest share of India's coffee. Kerala and Tamil Nadu grow coffee on a smaller scale, and Assam is known for tea rather than coffee.

Question 21General Awareness and Current Affairs

In the context of extension work, the 'Training and Visit' (T&V) system is best described as which of the following?

  1. A crop insurance model based on weather indices
  2. A subsidy scheme for purchasing tractors
  3. An extension approach with regular, scheduled training of field staff and visits to farmers Correct answer.
  4. A soil-testing laboratory procedure for pH measurement

Explanation

The Training and Visit system, popularised by the World Bank, organises extension around fixed schedules of training for field workers and periodic visits to contact farmers. It is an extension methodology, not an insurance, laboratory, or subsidy programme.

Question 22General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following best explains why crop rotation with legumes improves soil fertility?

  1. Legumes prevent water from entering the soil profile
  2. Legumes add nitrogen through symbiotic fixation, reducing the need for nitrogenous fertiliser Correct answer.
  3. Legumes remove all nutrients from the soil, forcing farmers to add more fertiliser
  4. Legumes increase soil salinity, which improves crop growth

Explanation

Legumes host Rhizobium bacteria that fix atmospheric nitrogen into forms plants can use, raising soil nitrogen and often improving the yield of the following crop. They do not deplete all nutrients, raise salinity, or block water infiltration.

Question 23General Awareness and Current Affairs

A district reports that shifting cultivation on hill slopes has caused severe soil loss. Which combination of measures is most appropriate for conservation?

  1. Increasing slash-and-burn cycles to clear more land
  2. Removing all vegetation and leaving the slope bare
  3. Encouraging unrestricted grazing on the slopes
  4. Terracing, contour trenching, and promotion of perennial vegetation Correct answer.

Explanation

Terracing and contour trenching reduce runoff velocity and trap sediment, while perennial vegetation stabilises the soil with root systems. Bare slopes, more frequent slash-and-burn, and unrestricted grazing all intensify erosion.

Question 24General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which statement about the difference between physical and chemical soil degradation is most accurate?

  1. Physical and chemical degradation are identical processes with no distinguishing features
  2. Physical degradation alters soil structure and compaction, while chemical degradation involves nutrient depletion or salinisation Correct answer.
  3. Physical degradation changes soil pH, while chemical degradation changes soil texture
  4. Physical degradation is caused only by chemical fertilisers, while chemical degradation is caused only by water

Explanation

Physical degradation concerns the loss of favourable soil structure, compaction, crusting, and erosion, whereas chemical degradation involves changes in chemical properties such as nutrient depletion, salinisation, or acidification. The two are distinct processes with different remedies, so the distinguishing statement is the accurate one.

Question 25General Awareness and Current Affairs

In extension programme planning, which sequence best reflects a logical planning cycle?

  1. Assess needs, set objectives, plan activities, implement, and evaluate Correct answer.
  2. Set objectives, evaluate, and then assess needs without implementation
  3. Implement first, then set objectives, then assess needs
  4. Evaluate before assessing needs and without setting objectives

Explanation

A sound extension plan begins with identifying farmer needs, translates them into clear objectives, designs activities, implements them, and evaluates outcomes to inform the next cycle. The other sequences place evaluation or implementation before needs assessment, breaking the logical feedback loop.

Question 26General Awareness and Current Affairs

The 'Soil Health Card' scheme provides farmers with crop-wise nutrient recommendations based on which primary input?

  1. Rainfall data from the nearest weather station
  2. Laboratory analysis of soil samples from their fields Correct answer.
  3. Market prices of the previous harvest
  4. Satellite imagery of their village

Explanation

The Soil Health Card scheme is built around collecting soil samples from farmers' fields and testing them in laboratories for parameters such as pH, organic carbon, and available nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium. The card then gives crop-wise fertiliser and amendment recommendations derived from those test results, so the farmer can adjust nutrient use to the actual condition of the soil.

Question 27General Awareness and Current Affairs

In the context of Indian agricultural extension, which body is responsible for implementing the 'Agriculture Technology Management Agency (ATMA)' scheme at the district level?

  1. The District Cooperative Bank
  2. The Food Corporation of India
  3. The State Department of Agriculture through the district ATMA office Correct answer.
  4. The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development

Explanation

ATMA is a decentralised extension mechanism in which the district-level ATMA office, functioning under the State Department of Agriculture, coordinates technology dissemination, farmer interest groups, and block-level activities. Its purpose is to bring research, extension, and farmers together at the district level rather than through a single national agency.

Question 28General Awareness and Current Affairs

A block extension officer wants to demonstrate the effect of contour bunding on runoff. Which arrangement best supports a valid on-farm comparison?

  1. Lay out treated and untreated plots of the same soil, slope, and crop, and measure runoff from both Correct answer.
  2. Select two plots with different soil types, treat one with bunding, and compare runoff
  3. Ask farmers to report whether they think bunding reduced runoff after one season
  4. Treat the whole watershed with contour bunding and compare yields with the previous year

Explanation

A valid comparison requires that the only major difference between plots be the treatment itself, so soil, slope, crop, and management should be as similar as possible. Measuring runoff from treated and untreated plots of the same conditions allows the officer to attribute any difference to the contour bunding rather than to confounding factors.

Question 29General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which statement best describes the role of the 'Agriculture Skill Council of India' in the agricultural extension ecosystem?

  1. It regulates the quality of pesticides sold in the domestic market
  2. It sets the Minimum Support Price for major crops each season
  3. It develops occupational standards and skill qualification frameworks for agriculture and allied sectors Correct answer.
  4. It conducts soil testing and issues soil health cards to farmers

Explanation

The Agriculture Skill Council of India is a sector skill council that develops National Occupational Standards, qualification packs, and training curricula for agriculture and allied activities. It works to align vocational training with industry needs rather than performing price setting, soil testing, or pesticide regulation.

Question 30General Awareness and Current Affairs

Which of the following is the primary mandate of the Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR) in relation to extension?

  1. Providing crop loans to farmers at subsidised interest rates
  2. Coordinating agricultural research and education and transferring technology through Krishi Vigyan Kendras Correct answer.
  3. Regulating the import and export of agricultural commodities
  4. Procuring food grains from farmers at the Minimum Support Price

Explanation

ICAR is the apex body for agricultural research and education in India and operates a network of Krishi Vigyan Kendras that serve as district-level technology transfer and training centres. Its extension role is therefore research coordination and technology dissemination, not credit, procurement, or trade regulation.

Question 31Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

ଓଡ଼ିଆ ଭାଷାରେ 'ମୃତ୍ତିକା ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ' ଶବ୍ଦଟି କେଉଁ ଅର୍ଥ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ?

  1. ମାଟିକୁ ଖନନ କରିବା
  2. ମାଟିକୁ ଉପେକ୍ଷା କରିବା
  3. ମାଟିକୁ ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରଖିବା Correct answer.
  4. ମାଟିକୁ ବିକ୍ରି କରିବା

Explanation

'ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ' ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ ସୁରକ୍ଷା ବା ରକ୍ଷଣାବେକ୍ଷଣ। ତେଣୁ 'ମୃତ୍ତିକା ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ' ଅର୍ଥ ମାଟିକୁ କ୍ଷୟରୁ ରକ୍ଷା କରି ସୁରକ୍ଷିତ ରଖିବା। ଏହା କୃଷି ଓ ପରିବେଶ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧୀୟ ପ୍ରଚଳିତ ପାରିଭାଷିକ ଶବ୍ଦ।

Question 32Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ଚାଷୀ ଜମିରେ ପଥର ବାଡ଼ ତିଆରି କଲେ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟର କର୍ତ୍ତା କେଉଁଟି?

  1. ଜମିରେ
  2. ପଥର
  3. ତିଆରି କଲେ
  4. ଚାଷୀ Correct answer.

Explanation

ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଯେ କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ କରେ ତାହା କର୍ତ୍ତା। ଏଠାରେ ବାଡ଼ ତିଆରି କରିବା କାର୍ଯ୍ୟ ଚାଷୀ କରୁଛନ୍ତି, ତେଣୁ 'ଚାଷୀ' କର୍ତ୍ତା। 'ଜମିରେ' ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ ଓ 'ପଥର' କର୍ମ।

Question 33Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମୃତ୍ତିକା କ୍ଷୟ' ପଦବନ୍ଧରେ କେଉଁ ସମାସ ରହିଛି?

  1. ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ ସମାସ Correct answer.
  2. ଅବ୍ୟୟୀଭାବ ସମାସ
  3. ବହୁବ୍ରୀହି ସମାସ
  4. ଦ୍ୱନ୍ଦ୍ୱ ସମାସ

Explanation

ଏଠାରେ ପୂର୍ବପଦ 'ମୃତ୍ତିକା' ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ବିଭକ୍ତି ('ମୃତ୍ତିକାର') ଅର୍ଥରେ ରହି ପରପଦ 'କ୍ଷୟ' ସହ ମିଶିଛି। ଏହି ପ୍ରକାର ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ ସମାସକୁ ଷଷ୍ଠୀ ତତ୍ପୁରୁଷ କୁହାଯାଏ। ଯଥା- ମୃତ୍ତିକାର କ୍ଷୟ = ମୃତ୍ତିକା କ୍ଷୟ।

Question 34Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ଜଳବାୟୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଯୋଗୁଁ ବର୍ଷା କମିବାରୁ ଚାଷୀମାନେ ଅଧିକ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟି କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାରର?

  1. ଆଦେଶାତ୍ମକ ବାକ୍ୟ
  2. ଯୌଗିକ ବାକ୍ୟ
  3. ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ Correct answer.
  4. ସରଳ ବାକ୍ୟ

Explanation

ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଏକ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ('ଚାଷୀମାନେ କ୍ଷତିଗ୍ରସ୍ତ ହେଉଛନ୍ତି') ସହ ଏକାଧିକ ଅଧୀନ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ('ଜଳବାୟୁ ପରିବର୍ତ୍ତନ ଯୋଗୁଁ', 'ବର୍ଷା କମିବାରୁ') ଯୁକ୍ତ ହୋଇଛି। ଗୋଟିଏ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ଓ ଏକାଧିକ ଅଧୀନ ବାକ୍ୟାଂଶ ଥିଲେ ତାହା ଜଟିଳ ବାକ୍ୟ।

Question 35Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ଉର୍ବର' ଶବ୍ଦର ସମାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ କେଉଁଟି?

  1. କଠିନ
  2. ଶୁଷ୍କ
  3. ସଫଳ Correct answer.
  4. ଅନୁର୍ବର

Explanation

'ଉର୍ବର' ଅର୍ଥ ଯଥେଷ୍ଟ ପୋଷକ ଥିବା, ଫଳପ୍ରଦ ବା ସଫଳ। ମୃତ୍ତିକା ପ୍ରସଙ୍ଗରେ 'ଉର୍ବର ମାଟି' ଅର୍ଥ ଭଲ ଫସଲ ଦେଉଥିବା ମାଟି। ତେଣୁ 'ସଫଳ' ଏହାର ନିକଟତର ସମାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ।

Question 36Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ବନ୍ୟା ସମୟରେ ନଦୀକୂଳର ମାଟି ଧୋଇଯାଏ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟି କେଉଁ କାଳରେ ଅଛି?

  1. ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳ Correct answer.
  2. ଭବିଷ୍ୟତ କାଳ
  3. ଅତୀତ କାଳ
  4. ଅପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳ

Explanation

କ୍ରିୟା 'ଧୋଇଯାଏ' ସାଧାରଣ ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳର ଚିହ୍ନ ଦର୍ଶାଏ, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଏହା ସାଧାରଣ ସତ୍ୟ ଭାବେ ଘଟୁଛି। ତେଣୁ ବାକ୍ୟଟି ବର୍ତ୍ତମାନ କାଳରେ ଅଛି।

Question 37Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମାଟି କ୍ଷୟ ରୋକିବା ପାଇଁ ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ ଆବଶ୍ୟକ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ 'ପାଇଁ' କେଉଁ ଅର୍ଥରେ ବ୍ୟବହୃତ ହୋଇଛି?

  1. ସ୍ଥାନ
  2. କାରଣ
  3. ସମୟ
  4. ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ Correct answer.

Explanation

'ପାଇଁ' ଅବ୍ୟୟ ଏଠାରେ ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ବୁଝାଉଛି, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ କେଉଁ ଲକ୍ଷ୍ୟ ପୂରଣ ନିମନ୍ତେ ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ କରାଯାଉଛି। ଏହା ସମ୍ପାଦନାର୍ଥ ବା ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ ଅର୍ଥର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ।

Question 38Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମୃତ୍ତିକାର ଉର୍ବରତା ରକ୍ଷା କରିବା ଆମର ପ୍ରମୁଖ ଦାୟିତ୍ୱ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ 'ଉର୍ବରତା' ପଦଟି କେଉଁ ପଦରୁ ଗଠିତ?

  1. ଉର୍ବର + ତା Correct answer.
  2. ଉର୍ବର + ତ୍ୱ
  3. ଉର୍ବର + ଆ
  4. ଉର୍ବର + ଇମା

Explanation

ଗୁଣବାଚକ ବିଶେଷଣ 'ଉର୍ବର' ସହ 'ତା' ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଯୋଡ଼ି ଭାବବାଚକ ବିଶେଷ୍ୟ 'ଉର୍ବରତା' ଗଠିତ ହୁଏ। ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ଏହି 'ତା' ପ୍ରତ୍ୟୟ ଗୁଣର ଭାବ ପ୍ରକାଶ କରେ।

Question 39Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ପାହାଡ଼ିଆ ଅଞ୍ଚଳରେ ଢାଲୁ ଜମିରେ କୃଷି କରିବା ଦ୍ୱାରା ମାଟି ଅଧିକ କ୍ଷୟ ହୁଏ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ 'ଢାଲୁ' ଶବ୍ଦର ଅର୍ଥ କ'ଣ?

  1. ଢଳିଥିବା ବା ଆନତ Correct answer.
  2. ଅତି କଠିନ
  3. ପଥରମୟ
  4. ଜଳମଗ୍ନ

Explanation

'ଢାଲୁ' ଅର୍ଥ ଢଳିଥିବା, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଏକ ପାଖକୁ ଆନତ ହୋଇଥିବା ଭୂମି। ପାହାଡ଼ିଆ ଅଞ୍ଚଳର ଢାଲୁ ଜମିରେ ପାଣି ଓ ମାଟି ସହଜରେ ଗଡ଼ିଯାଏ, ତେଣୁ କ୍ଷୟ ବଢ଼େ।

Question 40Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

କେଉଁ ବାକ୍ୟରେ ବିଶେଷଣ ପଦର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ ଠିକ୍ ଭାବେ ହୋଇଛି?

  1. କୃଷକମାନେ ଉର୍ବର ମାଟିରେ ଚାଷ କରନ୍ତି। Correct answer.
  2. ଚାଷୀମାନେ ଅନୁର୍ବର ମାଟିରେ ଭଲ ଫସଲ ପାଇବେ।
  3. ଅନୁର୍ବର ମାଟି ସର୍ବଦା ସର୍ବୋତ୍ତମ ଫଳ ଦିଏ।
  4. ଉର୍ବର ମାଟିରେ ଝାଉଁ ଗଛ ଶୀଘ୍ର ମରିଯାଏ।

Explanation

'ଉର୍ବର' ବିଶେଷଣ ମାଟିର ଫଳପ୍ରଦତା ବୁଝାଏ, ତେଣୁ ଉର୍ବର ମାଟିରେ ଚାଷ କରିବା ଅର୍ଥପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଓ ଯୁକ୍ତିଯୁକ୍ତ। ଅନ୍ୟ ବାକ୍ୟଗୁଡ଼ିକରେ ବିଶେଷଣ ଓ ଫଳାଫଳ ମଧ୍ୟରେ ବିରୋଧାଭାସ ରହିଛି।

Question 41Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ' ଶବ୍ଦରେ କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାର ସନ୍ଧି ଘଟିଛି?

  1. ବ୍ୟଞ୍ଜନ ସନ୍ଧି
  2. ସ୍ୱର ସନ୍ଧି Correct answer.
  3. କୌଣସି ସନ୍ଧି ନାହିଁ
  4. ବିସର୍ଗ ସନ୍ଧି

Explanation

'ବୃକ୍ଷ' + 'ରୋପଣ' ମିଶିବା ବେଳେ 'ଅ' ସହ 'ର' ପରେ ଥିବା ସ୍ୱର ମିଶି 'ବୃକ୍ଷରୋପଣ' ହୁଏ; ଏହା ସ୍ୱର ସନ୍ଧିର ଲକ୍ଷଣ। ସ୍ୱର ସନ୍ଧିରେ ଦୁଇ ସ୍ୱର ପରସ୍ପର ମିଶିଯାଏ।

Question 42Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମାଟି ଧୋଇଯିବା' ଘଟଣାକୁ ଓଡ଼ିଆରେ ଅନ୍ୟ କେଉଁ ଶବ୍ଦରେ କୁହାଯାଏ?

  1. ମୃତ୍ତିକା କ୍ଷୟ Correct answer.
  2. ମୃତ୍ତିକା ପରୀକ୍ଷା
  3. ମୃତ୍ତିକା ସଂରକ୍ଷଣ
  4. ମୃତ୍ତିକା ବର୍ଗୀକରଣ

Explanation

ପ୍ରବାହିତ ଜଳ ବା ପବନଦ୍ୱାରା ଉପର ସ୍ତରର ମାଟି ହଟିଯିବା ଘଟଣାକୁ 'ମୃତ୍ତିକା କ୍ଷୟ' କୁହାଯାଏ। ଏହା ମୃତ୍ତିକା ସଂରକ୍ଷଣର ଆବଶ୍ୟକତା ସୃଷ୍ଟି କରେ।

Question 43Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ବନସ୍ତ ଉଜାଡ଼ ହେଲେ ମାଟି କ୍ଷୟ ବଢ଼େ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟଟି କେଉଁ ପ୍ରକାରର ବାକ୍ୟ?

  1. ସର୍ତ୍ତମୂଳକ Correct answer.
  2. ଆଦେଶାତ୍ମକ
  3. ବିସ୍ମୟସୂଚକ
  4. ପ୍ରଶ୍ନବାଚକ

Explanation

'ହେଲେ' ଅବ୍ୟୟ ଏଠାରେ ସର୍ତ୍ତ ବୁଝାଉଛି- ଗୋଟିଏ ଘଟଣା ଘଟିଲେ ଅନ୍ୟଟି ଘଟେ। ତେଣୁ ଏହା ସର୍ତ୍ତମୂଳକ ବାକ୍ୟ, ଯାହା କାରଣ-ଫଳ ସମ୍ପର୍କ ଦର୍ଶାଏ।

Question 44Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ଚାଷୀମାନେ ଜମିରେ ସମୋଚ୍ଚ ବେଡ଼ ତିଆରି କରନ୍ତି।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ 'ଜମିରେ' କେଉଁ କାରକ?

  1. ସମ୍ପ୍ରଦାନ କାରକ
  2. ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ Correct answer.
  3. କରଣ କାରକ
  4. ଅପାଦାନ କାରକ

Explanation

କ୍ରିୟା ସମ୍ପାଦିତ ହେଉଥିବା ସ୍ଥାନକୁ ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ କୁହାଯାଏ ଏବଂ ଏଥିରେ 'ରେ' ବିଭକ୍ତି ଚିହ୍ନ ଯୁକ୍ତ ହୁଏ। 'ଜମିରେ' ସ୍ଥାନ ବୁଝାଉଛି, ତେଣୁ ଏହା ଅଧିକରଣ କାରକ।

Question 45Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମୃତ୍ତିକା' ଶବ୍ଦର ବିପରୀତାର୍ଥକ ଶବ୍ଦ କେଉଁଟି?

  1. ଜଳ Correct answer.
  2. ଭୂମି
  3. ମାଟି
  4. ଧରିତ୍ରୀ

Explanation

'ମୃତ୍ତିକା' ଅର୍ଥ ମାଟି, ଯାହା ସ୍ଥଳ ବା ଭୂମି ସହ ସମ୍ବନ୍ଧିତ। ଏହାର ସ୍ୱାଭାବିକ ବିପରୀତ ଧାରଣା ହେଉଛି 'ଜଳ'। ଅନ୍ୟ ତିନୋଟି ଶବ୍ଦ ମୃତ୍ତିକାର ସମାର୍ଥକ ଅଟନ୍ତି।

Question 46Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ପବନ ମାଟିକୁ ଉଡ଼ାଇ ନେଇଯାଏ।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟକୁ କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ ରୂପାନ୍ତର କଲେ କେଉଁଟି ଠିକ୍ ହେବ?

  1. ପବନ ମାଟି ଉପରେ ଉଡ଼ିଯାଏ।
  2. ପବନଦ୍ୱାରା ମାଟି ଉଡ଼ାଇ ନିଆଯାଏ। Correct answer.
  3. ପବନ ମାଟିକୁ ଉଡ଼ାଇ ନେଉଅଛି।
  4. ମାଟି ପବନକୁ ଉଡ଼ାଇ ନେଇଯାଏ।

Explanation

କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟରେ କର୍ମ ('ମାଟି') କର୍ତ୍ତା ସ୍ଥାନରେ ଆସେ ଓ ମୂଳ କର୍ତ୍ତା ('ପବନ') ସହ 'ଦ୍ୱାରା' ଯୋଡ଼ାଯାଏ। କ୍ରିୟା ମଧ୍ୟ 'ଉଡ଼ାଇ ନିଆଯାଏ' ଭଳି କର୍ମବାଚ୍ୟ ରୂପ ନେଇଥାଏ।

Question 47Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ସେ ମାଟି ପରୀକ୍ଷା କରିବାକୁ ପ୍ରୟୋଗଶାଳାକୁ ଗଲା।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ଅସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା କେଉଁଟି?

  1. କରିବାକୁ Correct answer.
  2. ଗଲା
  3. ପରୀକ୍ଷା
  4. ମାଟି

Explanation

ଯେଉଁ କ୍ରିୟା ବାକ୍ୟରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟା ଭାବେ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ନହୋଇ ଅନ୍ୟ କ୍ରିୟାର ଅର୍ଥ ପୂରଣ କରେ, ତାହା ଅସମାପିକା କ୍ରିୟା। 'କରିବାକୁ' ଏଠାରେ ସେହି ଭୂମିକା ନିଭାଉଛି।

Question 48Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ବର୍ଷାର ପରିମାଣ କମିବା ଫଳରେ ଭୂଗର୍ଭସ୍ଥ ଜଳସ୍ତର ତଳକୁ ଖସିଯାଉଛି।' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ କ'ଣ?

  1. ଖସିଯାଉଛି
  2. ବର୍ଷାର ପରିମାଣ
  3. ଭୂଗର୍ଭସ୍ଥ ଜଳସ୍ତର ତଳକୁ ଖସିବା Correct answer.
  4. ଫଳରେ

Explanation

ବାକ୍ୟର ମୁଖ୍ୟ ବିଷୟ ହେଉଛି ଯାହା ବିଷୟରେ ବାକ୍ୟ କହୁଛି, ଅର୍ଥାତ୍ ଜଳସ୍ତର ତଳକୁ ଖସିବା ଘଟଣା। 'ବର୍ଷାର ପରିମାଣ କମିବା' ଏହାର କାରଣ ମାତ୍ର।

Question 49Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ସମୋଚ୍ଚ ବେଡ଼' କୃଷି ପଦ୍ଧତିର ଉଦ୍ଦେଶ୍ୟ କ'ଣ?

  1. ଫସଲ ଧାଡ଼ିକୁ ଅସମାନ ରଖିବା
  2. ଜମିକୁ ସମ୍ପୂର୍ଣ୍ଣ ଶୁଖିଲା ରଖିବା
  3. ମାଟି କ୍ଷୟ ରୋକିବା ଓ ଜଳ ସଞ୍ଚୟ କରିବା Correct answer.
  4. ଅଧିକ ରାସାୟନିକ ସାର ପ୍ରୟୋଗ କରିବା

Explanation

ସମୋଚ୍ଚ ବେଡ଼ ପଦ୍ଧତିରେ ଜମିକୁ ସମାନ ଉଚ୍ଚତାର ବେଡ଼ରେ ସଜାଇ ପାଣି ନିଷ୍କାସନ ଓ ସଞ୍ଚୟ ସନ୍ତୁଳିତ କରାଯାଏ। ଏହାଦ୍ୱାରା ମାଟି କ୍ଷୟ କମେ ଓ ଫସଲ ପାଇଁ ଆର୍ଦ୍ରତା ରକ୍ଷା ହୁଏ।

Question 50Odia Language (grammar, comprehension, vocabulary)

'ମାଟି ଆମର ମା' - ଏହି ବାକ୍ୟରେ କେଉଁ ଅଳଙ୍କାର ରହିଛି?

  1. ଶ୍ଳେଷ ଅଳଙ୍କାର
  2. ଉପମା ଅଳଙ୍କାର
  3. ରୂପକ ଅଳଙ୍କାର Correct answer.
  4. ଅତିଶୟୋକ୍ତି ଅଳଙ୍କାର

Explanation

ରୂପକ ଅଳଙ୍କାରରେ ଉପମେୟ ଓ ଉପମାନ ମଧ୍ୟରେ 'ପରି' ବା 'ଭଳି' ନଥାଇ ସିଧା ଅଭେଦ କଳ୍ପିତ ହୁଏ। ଏଠାରେ ମାଟିକୁ ସିଧାସଳଖ ମା' କୁହାଯାଇଛି, ତେଣୁ ଏହା ରୂପକ।