OSSTET key terms

The study of how visual and performing arts are taught, covering lesson planning, assessment of creative work, and the role of imagination, expression, and aesthetic judgment in learning.

The capacity to perceive, appreciate, and respond to beauty and expressive quality in art, music, or performance. Arts teachers cultivate it through guided observation, discussion, and reflective viewing rather than rote copying.

Evaluation based on a curated collection of a learner's work assembled over time. In arts education it documents growth, process, and self-reflection better than a single timed test.

Ongoing, low-stakes checking of learning used to adjust teaching while a unit is still in progress. It contrasts with summative assessment, which grades achievement at the end.

The combined science subject group of Chemistry, Botany, and Zoology, taken by candidates preparing to teach biology-related subjects at the secondary stage in the Odisha school system.

The relationship linking mass, number of particles, and volume of gases through Avogadro's number (6.022 × 10^23). One mole of any substance contains that many entities and has a mass equal to its molar mass in grams.

Calculation of the quantities of reactants and products in a balanced chemical equation using mole ratios. It underlies limiting-reagent problems, percentage yield, and concentration calculations.

The count of elementary entities in one mole of substance, approximately 6.022 × 10^23 per mole. It bridges the microscopic particle world and measurable macroscopic amounts.

The light-driven process in chloroplasts where green plants convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, using chlorophyll to capture light energy and releasing oxygen as a by-product.

The green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs mainly red and blue light and reflects green. It is the primary light-harvesting molecule driving the light reactions of photosynthesis.

Loss of water vapour from aerial plant parts, chiefly through stomata. It drives the upward pull of water through xylem and cools leaves, but excessive loss can cause wilting.

Minute pores in the leaf epidermis bounded by guard cells. They open and close to regulate gas exchange and water loss, admitting carbon dioxide for photosynthesis while limiting transpiration.

The science of identifying, naming, and classifying organisms into hierarchical groups such as kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, and species, based on shared characteristics and evolutionary relationships.

The two-part scientific naming system introduced by Linnaeus, giving each species a Latinised genus name capitalised and a specific epithet in lower case, both italicised in print.

हिंदी भाषा के नियमों का अध्ययन, जिसमें ध्वनि, शब्द, वाक्य और अर्थ से संबंधित संरचनाएँ आती हैं। शिक्षक के लिए यह भाषा-शुद्धता और अभिव्यक्ति दोनों का आधार है।

दो वर्णों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या + आलय = विद्यालय। संधि-विच्छेद द्वारा मूल शब्दों को अलग करना सिखाया जाता है।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं, जैसे राजपुत्र। हिंदी में तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि आदि भेद पढ़ाए जाते हैं।

वाक्य में क्रिया के कर्ता, कर्म या भाव के अनुसार प्रयोग का रूप। कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य और भाववाच्य के भेद हिंदी व्याकरण में प्रमुखता से पढ़ाए जाते हैं।

A body's resistance to change in rotational motion, depending on mass and its distribution about the axis. It plays the same role in rotation that mass plays in linear motion.

The turning effect of a force, equal to the product of the force and the perpendicular distance from the axis. It changes angular momentum and is measured in newton-metres.

The rotational analogue of linear momentum, equal to moment of inertia times angular velocity for a rigid body. It is conserved when no external torque acts on the system.

At constant temperature, current through a conductor is directly proportional to the potential difference across it, giving V = IR. It defines resistance and holds for metallic conductors, not all devices.

An intrinsic property of a material expressing how strongly it opposes current flow, equal to resistance times cross-sectional area divided by length. It depends on material and temperature, not on shape.

The property that a function has a well-defined derivative at a point, meaning a unique tangent slope exists there. Differentiability at a point implies continuity there, but continuity does not imply differentiability.

The value a function's output approaches as the input approaches a specified point. Limits underpin continuity, derivatives, and integrals in calculus.

संस्कृतभाषायाः शब्दरूपाणि, धातुरूपाणि, सन्धयः, समासाः चेति नियमानां समुच्चयः। अध्यापकाय शुद्धोच्चारणं शुद्धलेखनं च साधयितुं एतत् आवश्यकम्।

वर्णद्वयस्य मेलनेन जायमानः परिवर्तः सन्धिः, यथा विद्या + आलयः = विद्यालयः। स्वरसन्धिः, व्यञ्जनसन्धिः, विसर्गसन्धिः इति तस्य प्रधानभेदाः सन्ति।

सुबन्तानां प्रातिपदिकस्य अर्थसम्बन्धं दर्शयितुं प्रत्ययाः भवन्ति, ते विभक्तयः। प्रथमा तः सप्तमी पर्यन्तं सप्त विभक्तयः सम्बोधनं च संस्कृतव्याकरणे पठ्यन्ते।

తెలుగు భాషను గురించిన జ్ఞాన భాగాలు, అనగా ధ్వని, పదం, వాక్యం, అర్థం, ఛందస్సు, అలంకారాలు. ఉపాధ్యాయుడు ఇవి బోధించడం ద్వారా భాషా సామర్థ్యాన్ని పెంచుతాడు.

రెండు అక్షరాలు కలిసేటప్పుడు జరిగే మార్పును సంధి అంటారు, ఉదా: రామ + ఆలయం = రామాలయం. తెలుగులో సవర్ణదీర్ఘ, గుణ, యడాగమ సంధులు ముఖ్యమైనవి.

పద్య రచనలో గణాలు, యతులు, ప్రాసల నియమాలను వివరించే శాస్త్రం. తెలుగు పద్యాలలో వృత్తాలు, జాతులు, ఉపజాతులు మొదలైన భేదాలను ఇది నిర్ణయిస్తుంది.

اردو زبان کے صرف و نحو کے اصول، جن میں حروفِ تہجی، اسم، فعل، حرف، جملے کی ساخت اور املا شامل ہیں۔ اساتذہ کے لیے درست تلفظ اور تحریر کی بنیاد یہی قواعد ہیں۔

کسی زبان کے الفاظ کو مقررہ قواعد کے مطابق درست لکھنے کا عمل۔ اردو میں ہمزہ، تشدید، تنوین اور الفاظ کے جوڑنے کے مخصوص اصول املا کا حصہ ہیں۔

کسی چیز کو کسی دوسری چیز کے ساتھ مشترک صفت کی بنا پر ملانا، جس میں مشبہ، مشبہ بہ، وجہِ شبہ اور حرفِ تشبیہ ہوتے ہیں۔ یہ علمِ بیان کا اہم عنصر ہے۔

The motivation, confidence, competence, knowledge, and understanding needed to value and take part in physical activity throughout life. It frames PE as building lifelong movement habits, not just sport skills.

Basic locomotor, stability, and manipulative actions such as running, jumping, balancing, throwing, and catching. They are the building blocks on which specialised sport techniques are later developed.

The components of fitness linked to good health: cardiovascular endurance, muscular strength, muscular endurance, flexibility, and body composition. These are distinguished from skill-related components like speed and agility.

The progressive learning of movement skills through stages from cognitive, to associative, to autonomous control, aided by demonstration, practice, and feedback. Teachers sequence tasks to match the learner's stage.