Punjab PSEB Matric NSQF Apparel Made-Ups flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

NSQF

National Skills Qualifications Framework of India; it organises skills into ten levels, and a Matric-level apparel course usually leads to Level 4 or 5 certification.

Made-ups

Stitched textile products other than garments, such as bags, aprons, soft toys, shoe covers, laundry bags and industrial covers, made from fabric by cutting and stitching.

Home furnishing products

Textile items used in the home, including bed sheets, pillow covers, duvet covers, curtains, cushion covers, table linen, kitchen linen and bath linen.

Piece-rate wage

Payment calculated per piece stitched or cut rather than per hour; common in apparel units, often combined with a minimum wage and a line efficiency incentive.

Fire class A

Fire involving solid combustible materials such as cloth, paper and wood; extinguished with water or foam, never with water on live electrical equipment.

Needle guard

A transparent safety shield fitted around the needle of a sewing machine that prevents fingers from contacting the needle; it must never be removed or bypassed.

Cut-resistant glove

Protective hand covering with high-strength fibre, worn on the hand guiding the fabric during cutting with shears or a straight-knife machine.

Ergonomic workstation

Workplace arranged so elbows are near 90 degrees, feet flat, work within easy reach and breaks taken hourly, reducing repetitive strain injuries in stitching.

Burning test identification

Fibre identification by flame behaviour, odour and ash: cotton and linen smell of burning paper, wool and silk of burning hair, polyester melts with a chemical smell.

Tex yarn count

A direct yarn numbering system giving the mass in grams of 1000 metres of yarn; a higher Tex number means a thicker yarn.

Staple versus filament

Staple fibres are short lengths that must be spun into yarn; filament fibres are continuous strands used directly, giving smooth, strong, lustrous yarns.

Twill weave

A woven structure with diagonal float lines produced by passing the weft over two or more warp threads; durable, used in denim and gabardine.

Upper thread tension

Setting of the tension discs on a sewing machine; too tight pulls loops to the underside, too loose leaves loops on the top surface.

Feed dog

Toothed metal bar under the needle plate that moves the fabric forward by a set stitch length; lint must be brushed from it daily.

Needle size 90/14

A medium-heavy sewing needle size, metric 90 and imperial 14, suited to denim, canvas and other medium to heavy woven fabrics.

Seam gauge

A small metal ruler with a sliding marker used to measure and mark seam allowances and hem depths accurately while stitching.

Grain line

The arrow marked on a pattern piece showing the direction of lengthwise yarns; it must be placed parallel to the selvedge when cutting.

Seam allowance

The extra fabric beyond the stitching line, usually 1 cm on most seams and 1.5 cm on side seams, needed for joining and finishing.

Marker efficiency

The percentage of marker area covered by pattern pieces, calculated as pattern area divided by marker area multiplied by one hundred; higher efficiency saves fabric.

Pattern notches

Small marks cut on the seam allowance to show matching points during construction; a single notch marks front pieces and a double notch marks back pieces.

Lockstitch 301

A two-thread straight stitch formed by needle and bobbin threads interlocking in the fabric; the standard stitch for woven garment seams.

Four-thread overlock

A stitch using two needle and two looper threads that joins and neatens knit fabric edges in one operation, giving a strong, stretchable seam.

Fabric spread

The layering of fabric plies on a cutting table, all aligned on grain with selvedges matched, before the marker is placed and cutting begins.

French seam

A seam stitched wrong sides together, trimmed, turned and stitched again so raw edges are fully enclosed; used on sheer and lightweight fabrics.

Flat fell seam

A strong seam with one edge trimmed and the other folded over it, then edge-stitched; used on denim, workwear and children's wear.

Blind hem

A hem stitched so the thread barely shows on the right side, used on formal trousers and skirts; the machine needle takes only a few yarns of the fold.

Tech pack

A development document containing flat sketches, measurement chart, fabric and trim list, construction details and packing instructions used to make a sample.

Fit sample

A sample made in the base size to check fit, ease and balance on a model or dress form, revised until written fit approval is received.

Phulkari embroidery

A traditional embroidery of Punjab worked in darning stitch with floss silk on hand-spun khaddar, often from the reverse side, in geometric and floral motifs.

AQL inspection

Acceptable Quality Limit sampling, using ISO 2859 or IS 2500 tables, to decide accept or reject of a garment lot by counting critical, major and minor defects.

Care label symbols

Standard symbols for washing (washtub with temperature), bleaching (triangle), drying (square), ironing (iron with dots) and dry cleaning (circle).

Break-even quantity

The number of units a unit must sell to cover costs, calculated as fixed cost divided by selling price minus variable cost per unit.