PSSSB Group D cheat sheet
PSSSB Group D · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Punjabi Language and Grammar (ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਭਾਸ਼ਾ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਆਕਰਣ)
ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਲਿੰਗ ਹਨ: ਪੁਲਿੰਗ (ਮੁੰਡਾ), ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ (ਕੁੜੀ), ਅਤੇ ਨਪੁੰਸਕ ਲਿੰਗ (ਘਰ, ਰੁੱਖ) - ਬਹੁਤੇ ਨਿਰਜੀਵ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਨਪੁੰਸਕ ਹੁੰਦੇ ਹਨ।
ਦੋ ਵਚਨ ਹਨ: ਇਕਵਚਨ ਅਤੇ ਬਹੁਵਚਨ। ਪੁਲਿੰਗ ਬਹੁਵਚਨ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ '-ਆਂ' ਜਾਂ '-ਏ' ਨਾਲ ਬਣਦਾ ਹੈ: ਮੁੰਡਾ → ਮੁੰਡੇ, ਕੰਮ → ਕੰਮ।
ਕਾਰਕ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ: ਕਰਤਾ ਨੇ, ਕਰਮ ਨੂੰ, ਕਰਣ ਨਾਲ/ਨਾਲੋਂ, ਸੰਪਰਦਾ ਦਾ/ਦੀ/ਦੇ, ਅਧਿਕਰਣ ਵਿੱਚ/ਉੱਤੇ, ਸੰਬੋਧਨ ਏ/ਓ।
ਕਾਲ: ਵਰਤਮਾਨ (ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ), ਭੂਤਕਾਲ (ਕੀਤਾ/ਕਰਦਾ ਸੀ), ਭਵਿੱਖਕਾਲ (ਕਰੇਗਾ)। ਭੂਤਕਾਲ ਦੇ ਤਿੰਨ ਰੂਪ: ਸਾਧਾਰਨ, ਪੂਰਨ, ਅਪੂਰਨ।
ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਵਿੱਚ ੩੫ ਅੱਖਰ (ਊੜਾ ਤੋਂ ਗੱਗਾ ਤੱਕ ੩੫) ਅਤੇ ੧੦ ਸਵਰ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਹਨ; ਲਗਾਂ-ਮਾਤਰਾਂ: ਕੰਨਾ, ਸਿਹਾਰੀ, ਬਿਹਾਰੀ, ਔਂਕੜ, ਦੁਲੈਂਕੜ, ਲਾਂ, ਦੁਲਾਵਾਂ, ਹੋੜਾ, ਕਨੌੜਾ, ਵੱਟੋ-ਵੱਟ।
ਟਿੱਪੀ ਨੱਕੀਕਰਣ ਲਈ ਵਰਤੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ (ਨੱਕੀ ਨਾਲ ਬਿੰਦੀ), ਅੱਧਕ (ੱ) ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਦੁੱਗਣਾ ਕਰਦਾ ਹੈ: ਪੱਕਾ, ਸੱਤ।
ਸ਼ਬਦ-ਭੇਦ: ਨਾਂਵ, ਪੜਨਾਂਵ, ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਕਿਰਿਆ, ਕਿਰਿਆ-ਵਿਸ਼ੇਸ਼ਣ, ਸੰਬੰਧਕ, ਯੋਜਕ, ਹਾਕਾਰਾ।
ਸੰਧੀ ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਸ: ਸਵਰ ਸੰਧੀ (ਰਾਮ + ਅਵਤਾਰ = ਰਾਮਾਵਤਾਰ), ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਸੰਧੀ, ਅਤੇ ਸਮਾਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ (ਤਤਪੁਰਸ਼, ਬਹੁਵ੍ਰੀਹੀ, ਦਵੰਦ)।
English Language and Grammar
Eight parts of speech: noun, pronoun, adjective, verb, adverb, preposition, conjunction, interjection - a word's class depends on its function in the sentence.
Tenses: 12 combinations of simple/continuous/perfect/perfect continuous with present/past/future. 'Since/for' pairs with perfect forms, not simple past.
Subject-verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each, every, everyone, nobody' are singular; 'either…or' agrees with the nearer subject.
Articles: 'a' before consonant sounds, 'an' before vowel sounds; 'the' for unique or already-specified nouns. Note 'a university', 'an hour'.
Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + past participle, agent introduced by 'by'. Only transitive verbs passivise.
Direct to indirect speech: present tense shifts to past, 'today' → 'that day', 'tomorrow' → 'the next day'; questions use 'if/whether' or the wh-word.
Common confusables: affect (verb) vs effect (noun); its (possessive) vs it's (it is); principal (head) vs principle (rule); lie vs lay.
Idioms and one-word substitutions are frequent in exams: 'a bolt from the blue' = sudden shock; 'philanthropist' = lover of mankind.
General Knowledge and Current Affairs
Punjab has 23 districts; the capital is Chandigarh, a Union Territory that serves both Punjab and Haryana.
Punjab's state animal is the blackbuck (ਕਾਲਾ ਹਿਰਨ), state bird the northern goshawk (ਬਾਜ਼), and state tree the shisham.
Indian Constitution came into force on 26 January 1950; Republic Day parade is held at Kartavya Path, New Delhi.
National symbols: tiger (animal), peacock (bird), lotus (flower), mango (fruit), Ganga (river), Saka (calendar).
Key space/defence facts: ISRO HQ Bengaluru; Chandrayaan-3 landed near the lunar south pole in August 2023.
Current-affairs strategy: track appointments (President, Chief Justice, RBI Governor), sports winners, summits, and new schemes in the six months before the exam.
International organisations: UN HQ New York (1945), WHO Geneva, IMF and World Bank Washington DC, SAARC Kathmandu.
Nobel Prizes, Oscars, and national awards (Bharat Ratna, Padma series) are recurring one-liner topics.
Punjab History, Culture, and Geography
Punjab means 'land of five rivers': Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Chenab, Jhelum (in India: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej).
Ranjit Singh (1780–1839) founded the Sikh Empire, with Lahore as capital; he was crowned in 1801 and signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the British in 1809.
The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred on 13 April 1919 in Amritsar under General Dyer; it shaped the freedom movement.
Golden Temple (Harmandir Sahib) at Amritsar was founded by Guru Ram Das; the Akal Takht was built by Guru Hargobind.
Three Sikh Takhts in Punjab: Akal Takht (Amritsar), Takht Keshgarh Sahib (Anandpur Sahib), Takht Damdama Sahib (Talwandi Sabo).
Bhangra and Giddha are the signature folk dances; the dhol and tumbi are characteristic instruments; Sufi poetry of Bulleh Shah and Waris Shah is central.
Climate: semi-arid, hot summers, cold winters; monsoon rains July–September; the Sutlej-Beas canal system irrigates the plains.
Major cities: Ludhiana (industrial), Amritsar (religious and tourism hub), Jalandhar (sports goods), Patiala (royal heritage).
Indian Polity and Constitution
The Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949 (Constitution Day) and came into force on 26 January 1950; it is the longest written constitution.
Fundamental Rights are in Part III (Articles 12–35); the Right to Constitutional Remedies (Art. 32) was called the 'heart and soul' by Ambedkar.
Directive Principles of State Policy are in Part IV (Articles 36–51) and are non-justiciable.
The President is the constitutional head (Art. 52); the real executive is the Council of Ministers headed by the Prime Minister (Art. 74).
Parliament consists of the President, Rajya Sabha (max 250) and Lok Sabha (max 552). Money Bills can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha.
Judiciary: Supreme Court (Art. 124), High Courts (Art. 214), and subordinate courts. Judicial review flows from Articles 13, 32, and 226.
Amendments: simple majority (ordinary laws), special majority (Art. 368), and special majority plus half the states for federal provisions.
Panchayati Raj: 73rd Amendment (1992) gave constitutional status to panchayats; 74th Amendment covers urban local bodies.
Quantitative Aptitude and Basic Mathematics
Percentage: x% of N = (x/100) × N. Increase of a% then decrease of a% gives net change of −a²/100 percent.
Profit and loss: Profit% = (SP − CP)/CP × 100. Successive discounts d₁ and d₂ give total discount = d₁ + d₂ − d₁d₂/100.
Simple interest SI = P × R × T / 100; Compound interest CI = P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1].
Speed, time, distance: Distance = Speed × Time. To convert km/h to m/s multiply by 5/18.
Average = Sum of values / Number of values. If a new average is given after adding a value, use total-difference method.
Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc. Partnership profit shares are proportional to capital × time.
Time and work: if A finishes in x days and B in y days, together they take xy/(x + y) days.
Mensuration: area of circle πr², circumference 2πr; volume of cylinder πr²h; area of triangle ½ × base × height.
Reasoning and Mental Ability
Number series: check differences, ratios, squares/cubes, or alternating patterns before assuming a single rule.
Coding-decoding: map letters to positions A=1 … Z=26; a shift of +3 turns CAT into FDW.
Blood relations: draw a family tree; '+' for male, '−' for female, horizontal line for siblings, vertical line for parent-child.
Direction sense: draw the path on paper; net displacement uses Pythagoras when turns are right angles.
Odd-one-out and analogy rely on shared properties (category, function, part-whole) rather than sound or spelling.
Syllogism: use Venn diagrams. 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; 'Some' statements do not give 'All' conclusions.
Seating arrangement: fix the centre-facing or outward-facing orientation first, then place fixed positions.
Calendar and clock: a clock's hands overlap every 65 5/11 minutes; a standard year has 52 weeks plus one odd day.
Computer Awareness and Basic Digital Literacy
Hardware vs software: CPU (ALU + control unit), RAM (volatile), ROM (non-volatile), and secondary storage (HDD/SSD) are core components.
Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.
Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+F find.
File extensions: .docx (Word), .xlsx (Excel), .pptx (PowerPoint), .pdf (portable document), .jpg/.png (image), .mp3 (audio).
Internet basics: URL, HTTP/HTTPS, IP address, DNS, browser, search engine. HTTPS is the secure version of HTTP.
Email fields: To (recipient), Cc (carbon copy), Bcc (blind carbon copy), Subject, Body, Attachment.
Cyber safety: strong passwords, OTP never shared, phishing links avoided, antivirus updated; UPI PIN is never entered on a link.
Digital India and government e-services: DigiLocker, UMANG, BharatNet, and Aadhaar-based DBT are common exam topics.