PSSSB Group D key terms

The joining of two adjacent sounds or words into one form, often changing the final or initial letter, as when a vowel ending meets a vowel beginning. Questions ask candidates to identify the correct combined form.

A compound word formed by combining two or more words into a single unit with one meaning, such as a noun plus noun. Candidates must name the compound type or split it back into its parts.

A prefix-like element placed before a root word to change or intensify its meaning, for example turning a verb into one showing direction or excess. Questions test recognition and meaning change.

A suffix attached to a root or stem to build a new word or inflected form, such as forming an abstract noun or a plural. Candidates identify the suffix or the resulting word class.

The grammatical category that classifies Punjabi nouns as masculine or feminine, affecting verb and adjective agreement. Questions ask for the correct gender of a given noun or the matching verb form.

The singular or plural form of a noun, pronoun, or verb. Punjabi marks plurality through endings and sometimes internal vowel change, and questions test correct singular-plural pairs and agreement.

The grammatical relation a noun or pronoun bears to other words in a sentence, shown in Punjabi largely by postpositions such as ne, nu, da, and vich. Questions identify the case or the correct postposition.

The word expressing an action or state, which in Punjabi carries tense, person, number, and gender marking. Items test correct conjugation, auxiliary choice, and agreement with the subject or object.

The time reference of a verb: past, present, or future, each with simple, continuous, and perfect forms in Punjabi. Questions ask candidates to pick the form matching the stated time and aspect.

A grammatically complete unit of words expressing a statement, question, command, or exclamation. Punjabi normally places the verb last. Items test sentence types, word order, and correction of faulty sentences.

A fixed Punjabi phrase whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as expressions describing anger or haste. Questions ask for the correct meaning or the idiom suited to a context.

A traditional Punjabi saying that carries folk wisdom, often rhyming and drawn from rural life. Candidates match a proverb to its meaning or complete a well-known saying from its opening words.

A word having nearly the same meaning as another word in the language. Questions present a word and ask candidates to choose the option closest in meaning from the given list.

A word expressing the opposite meaning of another, such as high versus low. Items ask candidates to select the correct opposite from four options or to spot an incorrectly paired opposite.

A single word that replaces a longer descriptive phrase, such as a term for one who studies stars. Questions give a phrase and ask for the precise single word that expresses it.

The skill of recognising the correctly spelled form of a word among variants with wrong vowel signs or missing letters. Questions present several spellings and ask which one is standard and acceptable.

Identifying and fixing grammatical errors in a sentence, including wrong agreement, misplaced postpositions, or incorrect verb forms. Items present a sentence and ask for the corrected version or the erroneous part.

The system of rules governing English word forms and sentence structure, covering parts of speech, tense, articles, prepositions, and voice. Questions test correct usage and error identification in short sentences.

The traditional culture of a people passed on orally, including folk songs, tales, riddles, and customs. Questions ask candidates to identify genres, famous folk tales, or the region a tradition belongs to.

A popular Punjabi folk dance performed by women in a circle with clapping and sung couplets called boliyan. Questions ask about the performers, the accompanying songs, or the region associated with it.

A vigorous Punjabi folk dance traditionally performed by men at harvest celebrations, accompanied by the dhol drum. Items test its occasion, instruments, and association with the Baisakhi festival.

The Punjabi harvest festival falling in mid-April, also commemorating the founding of the Khalsa in 1699. Questions ask about its month, its religious significance, and the site associated with it.

The community of initiated Sikhs established by Guru Gobind Singh in 1699, marked by the five Ks and the shared surnames Singh and Kaur. Items test the founding year, place, and core practices.

A Sikh place of worship where the Guru Granth Sahib is installed and congregational worship and community meals take place. Questions ask about its features, the langar practice, and famous historical gurdwaras.

The five rivers that give Punjab its name: Sutlej, Beas, Ravi, Chenab, and Jhelum, in their west-to-east order. Questions test names, order, and which river borders a given district or city.

The physical setting of Punjab, including its plains, the Shivalik foothills in the north-east, its canal system, and its borders with other states. Items test location, climate, and land features.

The supreme law that sets out the structure of government, the powers of its organs, and the rights of citizens. Questions test the Indian Constitution's adoption date, features, and amendment procedure.

The basic rights guaranteed to individuals by Part III of the Indian Constitution, including equality, freedom of speech, and protection from exploitation. Items test which article guarantees a stated right.

The national legislature of India, consisting of the President, the Rajya Sabha, and the Lok Sabha. Questions test its composition, the tenure of members, and how a bill becomes an act.

The system of local self-government in rural India at village, block, and district levels, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment. Items test its three tiers and reservation provisions.

The largest number that divides two or more given numbers exactly without a remainder. Questions ask candidates to compute it and apply it to problems about dividing items into equal groups.

The smallest number that is an exact multiple of two or more given numbers. Items test direct computation and word problems about events repeating together after a fixed interval.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values. Questions test computing an average, finding a missing value, or adjusting an average when one item is added or removed.

A comparison of two quantities of the same kind expressed as one number to another. Items test simplifying ratios, dividing an amount in a given ratio, and combining two ratios into one.

A fraction expressed out of one hundred, used to compare quantities and describe change. Questions test conversion between fractions, decimals, and percents, and problems on profit, loss, and discount.

A number written as one quantity divided by another, showing parts of a whole. Items test simplifying, comparing, and converting fractions, and applying them in measurement and sharing problems.

A reasoning item presenting a pair of related items and asking for another pair with the same relationship. Candidates must identify the underlying relation, such as part to whole or worker to tool.

A sequence of numbers, letters, or figures following a fixed rule, with one item missing or to be continued. Questions test spotting the pattern of addition, multiplication, or alternation.

A reasoning task in which words or numbers are written according to a hidden rule and the candidate must apply the rule to a new item. Items test letter shifts and symbol substitution.

The physical parts of a computer system, including the processor, memory, storage, input devices, and output devices. Questions test the function of each part and which is essential for basic operation.

The master software that manages hardware, files, and programs and provides the interface a user works through, such as Windows or Android. Items test its functions and common examples.

The worldwide network of connected computers that carries email, websites, and online services. Questions test basic terms such as browser, URL, and email address structure, and safe online behaviour.