PSSSB Group D flashcards
PSSSB Group D · Build recall with a focused review session.
36 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਲਿੰਗ ਭੇਦ
- ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਤਿੰਨ ਲਿੰਗ ਹਨ: ਪੁਲਿੰਗ, ਇਸਤਰੀ ਲਿੰਗ ਅਤੇ ਨਪੁੰਸਕ ਲਿੰਗ। ਨਿਰਜੀਵ ਵਸਤੂਆਂ ਆਮ ਤੌਰ 'ਤੇ ਨਪੁੰਸਕ ਹੁੰਦੀਆਂ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਘਰ, ਰੁੱਖ, ਪਹਾੜ।
- ਅੱਧਕ ਦੀ ਵਰਤੋਂ
- ਅੱਧਕ (ੱ) ਕਿਸੇ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਨੂੰ ਦੁੱਗਣਾ ਕਰਨ ਲਈ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਪੱਕਾ, ਸੱਤ, ਕੱਪੜਾ। ਇਹ ਸ਼ਬਦ ਦੇ ਉਚਾਰਣ ਅਤੇ ਅਰਥ ਦੋਵਾਂ ਨੂੰ ਬਦਲ ਸਕਦੀ ਹੈ।
- ਕਾਰਕ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ
- ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਵਿੱਚ ਕਾਰਕ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਨਾਂਵ ਜਾਂ ਪੜਨਾਂਵ ਦਾ ਵਾਕ ਵਿੱਚ ਕੰਮ ਦਰਸਾਉਂਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਕਰਤਾ ਲਈ 'ਨੇ', ਕਰਮ ਲਈ 'ਨੂੰ', ਅਧਿਕਰਣ ਲਈ 'ਵਿੱਚ' ਜਾਂ 'ਉੱਤੇ'।
- ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਲਿਪੀ
- ਗੁਰਮੁਖੀ ਪੰਜਾਬੀ ਦੀ ਲਿਪੀ ਹੈ, ਜਿਸ ਵਿੱਚ ੩੫ ਮੁੱਖ ਅੱਖਰ ਅਤੇ ੧੦ ਸਵਰ ਚਿੰਨ੍ਹ ਹਨ। ਇਹ ਖੱਬੇ ਤੋਂ ਸੱਜੇ ਲਿਖੀ ਜਾਂਦੀ ਹੈ ਅਤੇ ਗੁਰੂ ਅੰਗਦ ਦੇਵ ਜੀ ਨਾਲ ਜੁੜੀ ਹੈ।
- ਸੰਧੀ
- ਸੰਧੀ ਦੋ ਸ਼ਬਦਾਂ ਦੇ ਮੇਲ ਨਾਲ ਹੋਣ ਵਾਲੇ ਧੁਨੀ ਪਰਿਵਰਤਨ ਨੂੰ ਕਹਿੰਦੇ ਹਨ, ਜਿਵੇਂ ਰਾਮ + ਅਵਤਾਰ = ਰਾਮਾਵਤਾਰ। ਸਵਰ ਸੰਧੀ ਅਤੇ ਵਿਅੰਜਨ ਸੰਧੀ ਇਸ ਦੀਆਂ ਮੁੱਖ ਕਿਸਮਾਂ ਹਨ।
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject needs a singular verb and a plural subject a plural verb. Words like each, every, nobody and everyone are grammatically singular, so they take singular verbs such as 'is' or 'has'.
- Active to passive voice
- In passive voice the object becomes the subject, the verb becomes a form of 'be' plus the past participle, and the doer follows 'by'. Only transitive verbs, which take an object, can be made passive.
- Articles a, an, the
- Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by sound not spelling: a university, an hour. Use 'the' for something specific or unique, such as the sun or the Ganga.
- Direct to indirect speech
- Reported speech shifts present tenses to past, changes pronouns to match the reporter, and alters time words: today becomes that day, tomorrow becomes the next day. Questions use if, whether, or the question word.
- Commonly confused words
- Affect is a verb meaning to influence, while effect is a noun meaning result. Its shows possession, but it's means it is. Principal means chief or head, whereas principle means a rule or belief.
- Punjab state symbols
- Punjab's state animal is the blackbuck, the state bird is the northern goshawk, and the state tree is the shisham. The state capital is Chandigarh, a Union Territory shared with Haryana.
- Constitution adoption dates
- The Indian Constitution was adopted on 26 November 1949, now observed as Constitution Day, and came into force on 26 January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day with a parade at Kartavya Path.
- National symbols of India
- India's national animal is the tiger, the bird is the peacock, the flower is the lotus, the fruit is the mango, and the river is the Ganga. The national calendar is the Saka calendar.
- Chandrayaan-3 mission
- Chandrayaan-3 was an ISRO lunar mission whose lander Vikram touched down near the Moon's south pole in August 2023, making India the first country to land in that region.
- UN and its agencies
- The United Nations was founded in 1945 with headquarters in New York. The WHO is based in Geneva, while the IMF and World Bank are in Washington DC, and SAARC is headquartered in Kathmandu.
- Five rivers of Punjab
- Punjab means land of five rivers: Ravi, Beas, Sutlej, Chenab and Jhelum. Of these, only the Ravi, Beas and Sutlej flow through Indian Punjab after Partition.
- Maharaja Ranjit Singh
- Ranjit Singh founded the Sikh Empire and was crowned in 1801 with Lahore as his capital. He signed the Treaty of Amritsar with the British in 1809 and died in 1839.
- Jallianwala Bagh massacre
- On 13 April 1919, General Dyer ordered troops to fire on an unarmed gathering at Jallianwala Bagh in Amritsar, killing hundreds. The event intensified India's freedom movement and led to the Hunter Commission.
- Sikh Takhts in Punjab
- Three of the five Sikh Takhts lie in Punjab: Akal Takht at Amritsar, Takht Keshgarh Sahib at Anandpur Sahib, and Takht Damdama Sahib at Talwandi Sabo near Bathinda.
- Punjabi folk dances
- Bhangra is the energetic male folk dance of Punjab, while Giddha is performed by women. Both are accompanied by the dhol drum, and Jugni and Sammi are other traditional forms.
- Fundamental Rights
- Fundamental Rights are listed in Part III, Articles 12 to 35, of the Constitution. Article 32, the right to constitutional remedies, was called the heart and soul of the Constitution by Ambedkar.
- Directive Principles
- Directive Principles of State Policy appear in Part IV, Articles 36 to 51, and guide government policy. They are not enforceable in courts, unlike Fundamental Rights, but are fundamental in governance.
- Money Bill
- A Money Bill deals only with taxation, borrowing, or the Consolidated Fund and can be introduced only in the Lok Sabha, with the President's recommendation. The Rajya Sabha may suggest changes within 14 days.
- Constitutional amendment types
- Simple-majority amendments cover ordinary laws. Article 368 requires a special majority for most changes, and a special majority plus ratification by half the states for federal provisions.
- Panchayati Raj amendments
- The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act of 1992 gave constitutional status to rural panchayats, while the 74th Amendment of 1992 did the same for urban local bodies such as municipalities.
- Simple and compound interest
- Simple interest equals P × R × T / 100, calculated only on the principal. Compound interest equals P[(1 + R/100)^T − 1], where interest is added to the principal each period.
- Time and work formula
- If A alone finishes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy/(x + y) days. For three workers, add their one-day work rates and take the reciprocal.
- Speed conversion
- To change kilometres per hour into metres per second, multiply by 5/18. To change metres per second into kilometres per hour, multiply by 18/5. Distance equals speed multiplied by time.
- Successive percentage change
- An increase of a% followed by a decrease of a% gives a net decrease of a²/100 percent. For successive discounts d1 and d2, the total discount is d1 + d2 − d1d2/100 percent.
- Syllogism with Venn diagrams
- In syllogism questions, draw circles for each category. 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A', and 'Some A are B' never justifies an 'All' conclusion.
- Blood relation notation
- Draw a family tree using plus for males and minus for females, a horizontal line for siblings, and a vertical line for parent and child. This prevents errors in multi-step relation puzzles.
- Clock hands overlap
- The minute and hour hands of a clock coincide every 65 5/11 minutes, that is about 65.45 minutes, so they overlap 11 times in every 12 hours rather than every 60 minutes.
- Computer memory units
- One byte equals 8 bits. One kilobyte equals 1024 bytes, one megabyte equals 1024 kilobytes, one gigabyte equals 1024 megabytes, and one terabyte equals 1024 gigabytes.
- Essential keyboard shortcuts
- Ctrl+C copies, Ctrl+V pastes, Ctrl+X cuts, Ctrl+Z undoes, Ctrl+Y redoes, Ctrl+S saves, Ctrl+P prints, and Ctrl+F opens the find or search box in most applications.
- Common file extensions
- Docx is a Word document, xlsx an Excel spreadsheet, pptx a PowerPoint presentation, pdf a portable document, jpg or png an image, and mp3 an audio file.
- Email address fields
- To holds the main recipient, Cc sends a visible copy to others, and Bcc sends a hidden copy whose addresses other recipients cannot see. Subject summarises the message, and attachments carry files.