Rajasthan PTET flashcards

31 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Odd days in a leap year

A leap year shifts the weekday of the next year's same date by two odd days, because it has 366 days, which is 52 weeks plus 2 extra days.

Clock hands coincide interval

The minute hand gains on the hour hand at 5.5 degrees per minute. They coincide every 65 5/11 minutes, slightly more than once an hour.

Blood relation: only son

If a man says 'the only son of my mother', he refers to himself, since a mother has exactly one son in that statement.

Syllogism validity test

A conclusion is valid only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the given premises, not just the most obvious one.

Average change rule

When every value in a set increases by the same amount k, the average also increases by exactly k; the count and spread stay unchanged.

Alphabet reverse position

The reverse alphabet position equals 27 minus the forward position. For example, E is 5 forward, so it is 22 in reverse order.

Piaget's concrete operational stage

Roughly ages 7 to 11. Children master conservation, classification and reversibility, but still reason best about concrete objects rather than abstract hypotheses.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's term for the gap between what a learner can do unaided and what they can achieve with guidance from a more capable person.

Formative versus summative assessment

Formative assessment happens during learning to guide teaching and feedback; summative assessment comes at the end to certify or grade achievement.

Bloom's revised taxonomy

Six cognitive levels from lower to higher: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, Create. 'Create' replaced 'Synthesis' as the top level.

Operant conditioning

Skinner's principle that behaviour is shaped by its consequences: reinforcement increases a response, punishment or extinction decreases it.

Inclusive education

An approach where schools adapt curriculum, materials and environment so that children with diverse needs learn alongside peers rather than being segregated.

Kohlberg's conventional level

The second moral level, where judgement is guided by social approval and by obeying laws and rules, rather than by punishment or abstract principles.

Rajasthan formation date

Rajasthan reached its present form on 1 November 1956, after earlier mergers of princely unions beginning with Matsya Union in March 1948.

Highest peak of Aravalli

Guru Shikhar, located in Mount Abu in Sirohi district, is the highest peak of the Aravalli range and of Rajasthan.

Article 21A

The Right to Education, inserted by the 86th Constitutional Amendment in 2002, makes free and compulsory education a fundamental right for ages 6 to 14.

Keoladeo National Park

A UNESCO World Heritage wetland near Bharatpur, Rajasthan, famous as a wintering ground for migratory birds including the Siberian crane.

National bird of India

The Indian peacock was declared the national bird in 1963; the tiger is the national animal and the lotus the national flower.

Indira Gandhi Canal

A major irrigation canal in northwestern Rajasthan drawing from the Harike barrage, it supports agriculture in districts such as Ganganagar and Bikaner.

One of the boys is

With 'one of the + plural noun', the subject is 'one', so the verb is singular: 'One of the boys is absent', not 'are absent'.

Since with perfect tense

'Since' and 'for' marking a period up to now take present perfect or perfect continuous: 'She has lived here since 2010.'

Passive voice formation

Change active to passive by making the object the subject, using be plus past participle, and keeping the original tense and aspect.

Idiom: beat about the bush

To avoid coming to the main point and talk around it instead of speaking directly about the matter at hand.

Preposition: prefer to

'Prefer' is followed by 'to', not 'than': 'I prefer tea to coffee.' Similarly 'superior to' and 'inferior to' take 'to'.

Reported speech tense shift

When the reporting verb is past, present tenses usually shift to past, 'tomorrow' becomes 'the next day', and questions use statement word order.

तत्पुरुष समास

जिस समास में उत्तर पद प्रधान हो और पूर्व पद विभक्ति लुप्त हो, उसे तत्पुरुष कहते हैं; जैसे राजपुत्र अर्थात् राजा का पुत्र।

बहुव्रीहि समास

जिस समास में दोनों पद गौण होकर कोई तीसरा अर्थ प्रकट करते हैं; जैसे दशानन अर्थात् दस मुखों वाला रावण।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय

उपसर्ग शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर अर्थ बदलता है, जबकि प्रत्यय शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया शब्द या भाव बनाता है।

मुहावरा: अंधे की लाठी

इस मुहावरे का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा या भरोसा; जैसे बूढ़े पिता के लिए उनका पुत्र अंधे की लाठी है।

अनुप्रास अलंकार

जब एक ही वर्ण की आवृत्ति कई बार होती है और उससे ध्वनि-सौंदर्य उत्पन्न होता है, तब अनुप्रास अलंकार होता है।

विलोम शब्द: उत्थान

उत्थान का विलोम पतन है; इसी प्रकार सदाचार का दुराचार, अमृत का विष और आदि का अंत विलोम जोड़े हैं।