Rajasthan PTET key terms

A list of numbers arranged by a fixed rule, such as adding 3 each time or doubling. Candidates find the missing or next number by spotting the pattern.

A question pair where the relationship between the first two items must be applied to a third item to find its partner, for example doctor is to hospital as teacher is to school.

A set of items in which all but one share a common property. The candidate identifies the item that does not fit the shared rule.

A puzzle where letters or words are replaced by a rule, such as shifting each letter two places forward. The candidate applies the same rule to decode or encode another word.

Reasoning questions that describe family links in words or symbols, and ask how two people are related. Drawing a small family tree helps avoid mistakes.

Problems tracking a person moving north, south, east or west, often with turns, and asking the final distance or facing direction. A rough sketch makes the answer clear.

Puzzles placing people around a circle or in a row using clues like immediate left or opposite. The candidate works out the full order from the given conditions.

Logic questions giving two or more statements such as all A are B, then asking which conclusions necessarily follow. Only conclusions that must be true are accepted.

Using overlapping circles to show how groups relate, such as teachers who are also singers. It helps test whether a conclusion follows from the statements.

Grouping words by shared category, such as fruits or tools, and finding the word that belongs to a different group from the rest.

A relatively permanent change in behaviour or knowledge that results from experience or practice, not from growth or tiredness alone. Teachers study it to plan effective instruction.

Any consequence that increases the likelihood a behaviour will repeat. Positive reinforcement adds a reward, while negative reinforcement removes something unpleasant.

The internal drive that starts, directs and sustains effort toward a goal. In classrooms it explains why some learners persist while others give up quickly.

The growth of thinking, memory, problem solving and understanding from childhood onward. Teachers match tasks to the stage a child has reached.

Variations among learners in ability, pace, interest, personality and background. Good teaching adjusts methods and support rather than treating all students alike.

Placing and supporting all children, including those with disabilities or disadvantages, in the same classroom with suitable adaptations so each can learn.

A school assessment approach that checks learning regularly throughout the year and covers both scholastic subjects and co-scholastic areas such as attitudes and skills.

Assessment carried out during teaching to gather feedback and adjust instruction. It is low stakes and aims to improve learning rather than to grade it.

The natural and trained capacity to understand learners, plan lessons, communicate clearly and manage a classroom. It is assessed through attitude and reasoning questions.

Eleven duties listed in Article 51A of the Indian Constitution, added in 1976, asking citizens to respect the Constitution, protect the environment and promote harmony.

Guidelines in Part IV of the Indian Constitution that direct governments to promote welfare, equality and social justice. They are not enforceable in courts.

The opening statement of the Indian Constitution declaring India a sovereign, socialist, secular, democratic republic and listing justice, liberty, equality and fraternity as its aims.

The three-tier system of local self-government in rural India at village, block and district levels, given constitutional status by the 73rd Amendment Act of 1992.

The physical and climatic features of Rajasthan, including the Thar Desert, the Aravalli range, the Chambal and Luni rivers, and the state's dry western plains.

The traditions of Rajasthan, including folk dances such as Ghoomar and Kalbeliya, festivals like Pushkar fair, and folk deities such as Pabuji and Tejaji.

The fundamental right under Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment in 2002, guaranteeing free and compulsory education to children aged six to fourteen years.

A word with a meaning close to another word, such as begin and start. Questions ask candidates to pick the word nearest in meaning in the given context.

A word opposite in meaning to another, such as ancient and modern. Candidates choose the word most clearly opposite in sense to the given word.

A fixed phrase whose meaning cannot be worked out from its individual words, such as to let the cat out of the bag meaning to reveal a secret.

Replacing a descriptive phrase with a single precise word, for example a person who speaks many languages becomes polyglot. It tests vocabulary precision.

A sentence with a missing word or phrase, where the candidate selects the option that fits grammatically and makes the best sense in context.

The rule that a verb must match its subject in number and person, so singular subjects take singular verbs and plural subjects take plural verbs.

A small word such as in, on, at or between that shows the relation of a noun or pronoun to another word in the sentence, often of place or time.

दो वर्णों या शब्दों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं, जैसे विद्या + आलय से विद्यालय बनता है। इसके स्वर, व्यंजन और विसर्ग भेद हैं।

दो या अधिक शब्दों के मेल से बने संक्षिप्त पद को समास कहते हैं, जैसे राजपुत्र अर्थात राजा का पुत्र। इसके तत्पुरुष, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि आदि भेद हैं।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के आरंभ में जुड़कर उसके अर्थ में परिवर्तन या विशेषता लाता है, जैसे प्र + हार से प्रहार।

वह शब्दांश जो किसी शब्द के अंत में जुड़कर नया अर्थ या भाव प्रकट करता है, जैसे लड़कपन में पन प्रत्यय है।

ऐसा वाक्यांश जिसका अर्थ शब्दों के सामान्य अर्थ से भिन्न होता है, जैसे आँखों का तारा अर्थात बहुत प्यारा व्यक्ति।

जनसमाज में प्रचलित सूक्तिपूर्ण वाक्य जो कोई अनुभव या नीति प्रकट करता है, जैसे अंधों में काना राजा। इसे कहावत भी कहते हैं।

किसी शब्द के समान अर्थ वाले दूसरे शब्दों को पर्यायवाची कहते हैं, जैसे जल के पर्यायवाची पानी, नीर और वारि हैं।

किसी शब्द का उल्टा या विपरीत अर्थ बताने वाला शब्द विलोम कहलाता है, जैसे दिन का विलोम रात और सुख का विलोम दुख है।