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RBSE Sec Voc IT and ITeS study materials
RBSE Sec Voc IT and ITeS study resources

RBSE Sec Voc IT and ITeS practice questions

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Question 1Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which unit of computer memory is exactly equal to 1024 megabytes?

  1. One gigabyte Correct answer.
  2. One nibble
  3. One kilobyte
  4. One terabyte

Explanation

In binary memory measurement, each step multiplies by 1024, so 1024 megabytes make one gigabyte. A kilobyte is 1024 bytes, a terabyte is 1024 gigabytes, and a nibble is only four bits.

Question 2Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

In the context of computer fundamentals, what does the acronym CPU stand for?

  1. Central Processing Unit Correct answer.
  2. Central Program Utility
  3. Computer Peripheral Unit
  4. Core Power Unit

Explanation

The CPU, or Central Processing Unit, executes instructions and performs arithmetic and logic operations. It is often described as the brain of the computer because it coordinates all processing activity.

Question 3Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A candidate in an ITeS course needs to store a single character such as 'A' in memory. Which unit best describes the space required?

  1. One word
  2. One byte Correct answer.
  3. One bit
  4. One megabyte

Explanation

One byte is conventionally used to store a single character in ASCII encoding, since it provides eight bits. A bit can hold only a 0 or 1, which is insufficient for a full character set.

Question 4Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following is classified as system software rather than application software?

  1. A web browser
  2. A spreadsheet program
  3. A photo editor
  4. An operating system Correct answer.

Explanation

System software manages hardware and provides a platform for other programs, and the operating system is its prime example. Spreadsheets, photo editors and browsers are application software written to perform user tasks.

Question 5Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which input device is specifically designed to read marks made with a pencil on a printed answer sheet?

  1. Digitizer
  2. Joystick
  3. Optical Mark Reader Correct answer.
  4. Light pen

Explanation

An Optical Mark Reader detects the presence of dark pencil marks at predefined positions on forms such as OMR sheets. It is widely used for objective tests and survey forms where quick bulk reading is needed.

Question 6Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following is an example of a volatile memory in a computer system?

  1. RAM Correct answer.
  2. Hard disk
  3. Flash drive
  4. ROM

Explanation

RAM is volatile because its contents are lost when power is switched off. ROM, hard disks and flash drives retain data without power and are therefore non-volatile.

Question 7Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following best describes the function of an operating system in a computer?

  1. It manages hardware resources and provides services to application programs Correct answer.
  2. It scans incoming network packets for malicious signatures
  3. It stores backup copies of user files on remote servers
  4. It converts source code into machine code before execution

Explanation

An operating system acts as an interface between the user and hardware, managing memory, processor time, files and devices. It also provides common services such as file handling and process scheduling to applications.

Question 8Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

In a computer network, what is the primary purpose of a switch?

  1. To forward data frames to the specific device for which they are intended Correct answer.
  2. To translate domain names into IP addresses
  3. To convert analogue signals into digital signals
  4. To provide backup power during an outage

Explanation

A switch operates at the data-link layer and forwards frames only to the port connected to the destination device, reducing unnecessary traffic. This makes it more efficient than a hub, which broadcasts to all ports.

Question 9Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A student saves a document as report.txt. Which category of file does the .txt extension indicate?

  1. A system configuration file
  2. A plain text file Correct answer.
  3. An executable file
  4. A compressed archive

Explanation

The .txt extension identifies a plain text file that contains unformatted characters readable by any text editor. Executables typically use .exe, archives use .zip, and configuration files use formats such as .ini or .cfg.

Question 10Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which number system is used internally by digital computers to represent and process data?

  1. Decimal
  2. Hexadecimal
  3. Roman
  4. Binary Correct answer.

Explanation

Digital circuits have two stable states, on and off, which map naturally to the binary digits 1 and 0. All data is therefore stored and processed in binary, even when humans use decimal or hexadecimal for convenience.

Question 11Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A company wants each employee to have a unique email address on its own domain. Which type of server must be configured to receive and store incoming mail?

  1. A web server
  2. A print server
  3. A file server
  4. A mail server Correct answer.

Explanation

A mail server handles sending, receiving and storing email messages using protocols such as SMTP, POP3 and IMAP. Web servers deliver web pages, print servers manage printers, and file servers share files.

Question 12Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A user types www.example.com in a browser. Which service translates this name into an IP address so the request can be routed?

  1. DHCP
  2. FTP
  3. DNS Correct answer.
  4. SMTP

Explanation

The Domain Name System (DNS) resolves human-readable domain names into numerical IP addresses. DHCP assigns IP addresses automatically, FTP transfers files, and SMTP sends email.

Question 13Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following correctly lists the three basic logic gates?

  1. AND, OR, NOT Correct answer.
  2. READ, WRITE, ERASE
  3. ADD, SUB, MUL
  4. INPUT, PROCESS, OUTPUT

Explanation

The fundamental logic gates are AND, OR and NOT, and all other gates can be built from them. Each gate performs a Boolean operation on one or more binary inputs to produce a single output.

Question 14Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

In a spreadsheet, a formula begins with the = symbol. What is the result of =2+3*4 when the spreadsheet follows standard operator precedence?

  1. 20
  2. 11
  3. 14 Correct answer.
  4. 24

Explanation

Multiplication is evaluated before addition, so 3*4 equals 12 and adding 2 gives 14. Spreadsheets follow standard precedence rules unless parentheses change the order.

Question 15Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following statements about a spreadsheet cell reference is correct?

  1. An absolute reference is written without a dollar sign
  2. A relative reference stays fixed regardless of where it is copied
  3. A relative reference adjusts automatically when the formula is copied to another cell Correct answer.
  4. A mixed reference cannot contain both row and column identifiers

Explanation

A relative reference such as A1 changes when copied because the row and column offsets shift with the new location. An absolute reference such as $A$1 keeps both parts fixed when copied.

Question 16Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A user wants to remove a program safely so that its registry entries and files are cleared. Which Windows utility is designed for this purpose?

  1. Task Scheduler
  2. Add or Remove Programs in Control Panel Correct answer.
  3. Device Manager
  4. Disk Defragmenter

Explanation

The Add or Remove Programs utility runs the program's uninstaller, which removes associated files and registry entries. Deleting the folder manually often leaves residual entries behind.

Question 17Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following is the main function of an assembler?

  1. It loads a program into memory for execution
  2. It translates assembly language into machine code Correct answer.
  3. It translates high-level language into machine code in a single pass
  4. It links object files into a final executable

Explanation

An assembler converts mnemonic assembly instructions into the corresponding binary machine code. Compilers handle high-level languages, linkers combine object files, and loaders place programs in memory.

Question 18Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A college lab needs to connect fifteen computers in a star topology. Which device is placed at the centre of the star to connect them?

  1. A modem
  2. A switch Correct answer.
  3. A router
  4. A repeater

Explanation

In a star topology every node connects to a central device, typically a switch or hub, which relays traffic between them. A router connects different networks, a repeater extends signal distance, and a modem links to an ISP.

Question 19Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following file formats is most suitable for storing a photograph with millions of colours while keeping the file size small?

  1. CSV
  2. JPEG Correct answer.
  3. TXT
  4. BMP

Explanation

JPEG uses lossy compression that exploits human visual perception to reduce file size substantially, making it ideal for photographs. BMP stores uncompressed image data and produces much larger files.

Question 20Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

What is the decimal equivalent of the binary number 1011?

  1. 13
  2. 15
  3. 9
  4. 11 Correct answer.

Explanation

Evaluating place values gives 1×8 + 0×4 + 1×2 + 1×1, which equals 11. Each binary digit represents a power of two starting from the right.

Question 21Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following best explains why a computer uses cache memory in addition to main memory?

  1. Cache increases the storage capacity of the hard disk
  2. Cache is cheaper per byte and therefore replaces main memory
  3. Cache stores data permanently even when power fails
  4. Cache is faster than main memory and reduces the average time the CPU waits for data Correct answer.

Explanation

Cache memory sits close to the CPU and is built from faster technology than RAM, so frequently used data can be retrieved with less delay. This reduces the average memory access time and improves performance.

Question 22Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A user reports that the computer powers on but shows no display and beeps repeatedly. Which component should be checked first?

  1. The printer cable
  2. The keyboard layout
  3. The screen saver settings
  4. The RAM module seating Correct answer.

Explanation

Repeated beep codes during boot commonly indicate a memory problem, so reseating the RAM modules is a sensible first step. Beep patterns are produced by the BIOS to signal hardware faults detected during POST.

Question 23Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

In the context of ITeS, what does BPO stand for?

  1. Basic Programming Operations
  2. Binary Processing Output
  3. Broadband Protocol Organisation
  4. Business Process Outsourcing Correct answer.

Explanation

BPO means Business Process Outsourcing, where a company delegates functions such as customer support or payroll to an external provider. It is a core term in the IT-enabled services industry.

Question 24Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A program stores a value in a variable declared as an integer, but the user enters 12.75. Which concept explains the loss of the fractional part?

  1. Type conversion truncates the fractional part when storing into an integer Correct answer.
  2. The keyboard driver rounds all input to whole numbers
  3. The operating system deletes decimal points automatically
  4. The compiler rejects every decimal value at runtime

Explanation

When a real value is converted to an integer type, the fractional portion is discarded rather than rounded. This is a property of how integer data types hold only whole numbers.

Question 25Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Two computers on the same LAN have been assigned the IP addresses 192.168.1.20 and 192.168.1.20. What is the most likely consequence?

  1. An IP address conflict causing unreliable or failed communication for both hosts Correct answer.
  2. Automatic upgrade of both machines to a public IP address
  3. Immediate deletion of the files stored on both computers
  4. Conversion of the LAN into a wide area network

Explanation

Each host on a network must have a unique IP address within its subnet. Duplicate addresses cause an IP conflict, leading to intermittent connectivity or failure for one or both machines.

Question 26Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A technician compares two storage devices: a 1 TB hard disk drive (HDD) and a 1 TB solid state drive (SSD). Which statement correctly describes a fundamental difference between them?

  1. The HDD is volatile storage, while the SSD is non-volatile storage.
  2. The HDD requires no power to retain data, while the SSD loses its data when power is removed.
  3. The HDD uses flash memory chips, while the SSD uses rotating magnetic platters.
  4. The HDD stores data on rotating magnetic platters, while the SSD stores data in flash memory chips. Correct answer.

Explanation

An HDD is an electromechanical device that reads and writes data on spinning magnetic platters using a moving read/write head, which makes it slower and sensitive to shock. An SSD has no moving parts and stores data in NAND flash memory cells, giving faster access and greater resistance to physical shock. Both are non-volatile secondary storage, so they keep data without power.

Question 27Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

In a spreadsheet, cell C5 contains the formula =A5*$B$1. The formula is copied from C5 to D6. Which formula will appear in D6?

  1. =A5*$B$1
  2. =B6*$B$1 Correct answer.
  3. =B5*$C$1
  4. =A6*$B$2

Explanation

A relative reference such as A5 shifts by the same offset as the copied formula, so moving one column right and one row down turns A5 into B6. A reference with dollar signs on both the column and the row, such as $B$1, is absolute and stays unchanged wherever the formula is copied. Combining the two rules gives =B6*$B$1.

Question 28Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A user opens a web page over HTTPS and notices a padlock icon in the browser's address bar. Which security property does this icon directly confirm?

  1. The page content has been checked for viruses by the browser.
  2. The website owner's identity has been verified as a registered company.
  3. The page cannot contain any third-party advertisements.
  4. The connection between the browser and the server is encrypted using TLS. Correct answer.

Explanation

HTTPS runs HTTP over TLS, which encrypts traffic between the browser and the server so that data in transit cannot be read or altered by an eavesdropper. The padlock indicates that this encrypted channel was established and that the server presented a certificate the browser accepts. It does not by itself guarantee the honesty of the site, scan content for malware, or block advertising.

Question 29Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

A small office has 20 devices on one subnet with the address 192.168.10.0/27. How many usable host addresses does this subnet provide, and is it sufficient for the office?

  1. 14 usable addresses, which is not sufficient.
  2. 62 usable addresses, which is sufficient.
  3. 30 usable addresses, which is sufficient. Correct answer.
  4. 32 usable addresses, which is sufficient.

Explanation

A /27 prefix leaves 5 host bits, because 32 minus 27 equals 5, and 2 to the power 5 gives 32 total addresses. Subtracting the network address and the broadcast address leaves 30 usable host addresses. Since the office needs 20, the subnet is adequate.

Question 30Fundamentals of Information Technology and Computer Systems

Which of the following best describes the role of an interpreter when a program written in a high-level language is executed?

  1. It converts the entire source program into machine code and saves the result as an executable file before running.
  2. It loads the operating system kernel into memory when the computer is switched on.
  3. It translates and executes the source program one statement at a time without producing a saved machine-code file. Correct answer.
  4. It links separately compiled object files together and resolves references to library routines.

Explanation

An interpreter reads the source program, translates a statement, executes it, and then moves to the next statement, which makes debugging easier but generally slower than compiled execution. It does not normally create a standalone executable file. A compiler, by contrast, translates the whole program before execution, and a linker combines object files.

Question 31Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a word processor, which feature is used to make the same heading text appear on every page of a long document and update automatically when the heading is edited?

  1. A footnote inserted at the heading
  2. A bookmark placed at the heading
  3. A text box pasted on each page
  4. A header field linked to a Heading style Correct answer.

Explanation

A header (or footer) is a region repeated on every page, and inserting a StyleRef-type field tied to a Heading style makes the text follow the current heading automatically. Pasting a text box on each page would be manual and would not update. Footnotes and bookmarks do not generate repeated page-level text.

Question 32Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A spreadsheet cell displays ###### instead of a number. What is the most likely cause?

  1. The formula contains a circular reference
  2. The workbook is in manual calculation mode
  3. The column is too narrow for the formatted value Correct answer.
  4. The cell has been locked for editing

Explanation

Spreadsheet programs show a row of hash marks when the column width cannot display the full formatted number. Widening the column or reducing decimal places reveals the value. Circular references and manual calculation produce error values or stale results, not hash marks.

Question 33Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

Which spreadsheet function returns the total of only those cells in a range that meet a stated condition?

  1. COUNTIF
  2. IF
  3. SUMIF Correct answer.
  4. AVERAGEIF

Explanation

SUMIF adds the values in a range whose corresponding entries satisfy a criterion. COUNTIF counts matching entries rather than adding them, AVERAGEIF returns a mean, and IF performs a logical test on a single condition without summing a range.

Question 34Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a presentation, what is the purpose of the Slide Master?

  1. To record narration while presenting
  2. To compress images embedded in the deck
  3. To define consistent layout, fonts, and placeholders for all slides Correct answer.
  4. To store speaker notes for the presenter

Explanation

The Slide Master holds the design template: background, theme fonts, colours, and placeholder positions that flow to every slide using that layout. Editing it once updates all dependent slides. Notes, compression, and narration are handled by separate features.

Question 35Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A user wants the row labels in a long spreadsheet to remain visible while scrolling to the right. Which action achieves this?

  1. Hide the rows below the header
  2. Freeze the first column Correct answer.
  3. Split the window horizontally
  4. Freeze the top row

Explanation

Freezing the first column locks the leftmost column in place so its labels stay on screen during horizontal scrolling. Freezing the top row keeps header rows visible during vertical scrolling instead. Splitting creates separate panes that scroll independently but does not lock a column permanently.

Question 36Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a word processor, which paragraph setting controls the blank space between lines of text within a paragraph?

  1. Paragraph spacing before
  2. Line spacing Correct answer.
  3. Indentation
  4. Tab stop

Explanation

Line spacing sets the vertical distance between successive lines inside a paragraph, such as single, 1.5, or double. Spacing before and after adds gaps between paragraphs, indentation shifts the text horizontally, and tab stops position the cursor at set points.

Question 37Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A spreadsheet contains the formula =B2*$C$1 in cell D2, which is then copied to D3. What formula appears in D3?

  1. =B3*$C$1 Correct answer.
  2. =B2*$C$1
  3. =B3*C2
  4. =B2*$C$2

Explanation

Relative references such as B2 adjust when copied down one row, becoming B3, while the absolute reference $C$1 stays fixed because its row and column are locked with dollar signs. The result in D3 therefore multiplies B3 by the unchanged value in C1.

Question 38Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

Which file format is most suitable for distributing a presentation that must open with its slide design intact on a computer without presentation software installed?

  1. A comma-separated values file
  2. A plain-text outline file
  3. A PDF export of the slides Correct answer.
  4. A native editable presentation file

Explanation

Exporting slides to PDF preserves the visual layout and can be opened by any standard PDF reader without presentation software. Native editable files require compatible software, while CSV and plain text discard all design and graphics.

Question 39Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a spreadsheet, a formula returns the error #DIV/0!. Which situation explains this result?

  1. The divisor in the formula evaluates to zero or an empty cell Correct answer.
  2. The formula contains unbalanced parentheses
  3. A cell reference points outside the worksheet
  4. A text value was used where a number was required

Explanation

The #DIV/0! error appears when a formula divides by zero or by a cell that is blank or evaluates to zero. Guarding with IFERROR or checking the divisor prevents it. Text-type mismatches raise #VALUE!, and unbalanced parentheses usually trigger a syntax warning before entry.

Question 40Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

What does the AutoSum button in a spreadsheet insert into the selected cell?

  1. A SUM formula over the adjacent numeric range Correct answer.
  2. A COUNT of all cells in the sheet
  3. A pivot table summarising the range
  4. A chart of the selected data

Explanation

AutoSum proposes a SUM formula over the contiguous numeric cells above or to the left of the active cell. It is a shortcut for typing the SUM function with the guessed range, which the user can adjust before confirming.

Question 41Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A writer wants every occurrence of a product name replaced with a new name throughout a document. Which approach is most reliable?

  1. Using Find and Replace with Replace All Correct answer.
  2. Applying a new paragraph style to the document
  3. Editing each occurrence manually after reading the document
  4. Adding the new name to the document properties

Explanation

Find and Replace with Replace All locates every instance of the search text and substitutes it in one operation, which is faster and less error-prone than manual editing. Styles and document properties do not change body text content.

Question 42Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a spreadsheet, what is the key difference between a relative reference and an absolute reference?

  1. Relative references work only in charts; absolute references work only in tables
  2. Relative references adjust when copied; absolute references stay fixed Correct answer.
  3. Absolute references cannot be used inside functions
  4. Absolute references adjust when copied; relative references stay fixed

Explanation

A relative reference such as A1 shifts by the same offset when the formula is copied to another cell. An absolute reference such as $A$1 remains anchored to the same cell regardless of where it is copied, which is essential for fixed constants and lookup tables.

Question 43Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

Which feature in a word processor is designed to generate a table of contents automatically from heading styles?

  1. A bibliography source list
  2. A table of contents field built from Heading styles Correct answer.
  3. A cross-reference to the first page
  4. An index entry marked for each heading

Explanation

A table of contents field collects paragraphs formatted with Heading styles and lists them with page numbers, updating when the document changes. Index entries, cross-references, and bibliographies serve different purposes and do not produce a styled contents list.

Question 44Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a presentation, which view is best for rearranging the order of slides and deleting several at once?

  1. Reading view
  2. Outline view
  3. Notes Page view
  4. Slide Sorter view Correct answer.

Explanation

Slide Sorter view displays all slides as thumbnails, making it easy to drag slides into a new order or select and delete multiple slides. Notes Page view edits speaker notes, Reading view plays the show, and Outline view focuses on text structure.

Question 45Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A spreadsheet formula =VLOOKUP(A2,Products!$A$2:$D$50,3,FALSE) is copied down the column. What does the FALSE argument specify?

  1. That an exact match is required Correct answer.
  2. That the lookup column must be sorted ascending
  3. That errors are suppressed
  4. That the third column is returned

Explanation

The fourth argument FALSE (or 0) tells VLOOKUP to find an exact match in the first column of the table array. TRUE or 1 would request an approximate match on sorted data. The third argument already specifies the returned column, and error handling requires IFERROR.

Question 46Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a word processor, what happens when text is placed in a text box rather than directly in the document body?

  1. The text box converts the document to a spreadsheet
  2. The text box floats and can be positioned independently of the body text Correct answer.
  3. The text box content flows with the main text automatically
  4. The text box content is excluded from printing

Explanation

A text box is a floating drawing object with its own position and wrapping settings, so it can be moved independently of the surrounding paragraphs. Its content still prints and can be linked to other boxes, but it does not flow as ordinary body text unless wrapping is configured that way.

Question 47Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A user wants cells containing the value 0 in a report to appear blank without changing the underlying values. Which approach works?

  1. Delete the zeros from the cells
  2. Sort the column so zeros appear last
  3. Apply a number format that hides zero values Correct answer.
  4. Convert the cells to text format

Explanation

A custom number format such as 0;-0;;@ hides zero entries while leaving the stored values intact for formulas. Deleting the zeros or converting to text alters the data, and sorting only changes position.

Question 48Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

In a presentation, what is the function of a transition in contrast to an animation?

  1. Both terms describe the same effect applied to slide backgrounds
  2. A transition animates objects on one slide; an animation moves between slides
  3. A transition adds speaker notes; an animation adds slide numbers
  4. A transition controls how one slide changes to the next; an animation controls movement of objects on a slide Correct answer.

Explanation

Transitions are effects applied to the change from one slide to the next, such as a fade or push. Animations apply to individual objects on a slide, controlling how text or images enter, exit, or move. The two are configured in separate panes.

Question 49Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

A spreadsheet column of dates is formatted as text, so sorting gives incorrect chronological order. Which fix is most appropriate?

  1. Convert the text dates to real date values before sorting Correct answer.
  2. Apply bold formatting to the date column
  3. Sort the column in descending order instead
  4. Increase the column width

Explanation

Text dates sort alphabetically rather than chronologically, so they must be converted to genuine date serial values first, for example with a date-parsing function or Text to Columns. Width and font formatting do not affect sort behaviour, and reversing the order does not correct the underlying type.

Question 50Office Productivity Software (Word Processing, Spreadsheets, Presentation)

Which word-processing feature is used to keep a heading together with the first paragraph that follows it, preventing the heading from sitting alone at the bottom of a page?

  1. Widow/orphan control
  2. Keep with next Correct answer.
  3. Hyphenation
  4. Page break before

Explanation

The Keep with next paragraph setting ties a heading to the following paragraph so they move to the next page together. Widow/orphan control manages single lines at page edges, Page break before forces a new page, and hyphenation affects line breaks within words.