RBSE SS Voc IT and ITeS flashcards

38 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

CPU

Central Processing Unit; the part of a computer that fetches, decodes, and executes instructions. It contains the arithmetic logic unit for calculations and the control unit for coordination.

RAM vs ROM

RAM is volatile read-write memory that holds running programs and data and loses content on power-off. ROM is non-volatile memory holding firmware such as the boot routine.

Byte

A group of 8 bits treated as one unit. Storage units scale by 1024: 1024 bytes make a kilobyte, 1024 kilobytes a megabyte, and so on.

System software

Software that runs and manages the computer itself, including the operating system, device drivers, and utility programs. It sits between hardware and application software.

Open-source software

Software distributed with its source code, allowing users to study, modify, and redistribute it under a licence such as the GNU GPL. Examples include Linux and LibreOffice.

Hexadecimal

A base-16 number system using digits 0-9 and letters A-F. It is used as a compact notation for binary values, since one hex digit represents four bits.

Mail merge

A word-processing feature that combines one main document with a data source of records to produce personalised copies, such as letters addressed to many recipients.

Absolute cell reference

A spreadsheet reference written with dollar signs, like $A$1, that stays fixed when the formula is copied to other cells, unlike a relative reference.

#DIV/0! error

A spreadsheet error shown when a formula divides a number by zero or by an empty cell. It signals that the divisor must be corrected.

Slide master

A presentation template layer that stores fonts, colours, background, and placeholder positions for all slides. Editing it updates every slide that uses it.

Line chart

A chart type that plots data points connected by lines, used to show a trend or change over a continuous period such as months or years.

HTTP and HTTPS

Protocols for transferring web pages. HTTP sends data in plain text; HTTPS adds TLS encryption, protecting passwords and form data in transit.

DNS

Domain Name System; it translates human-readable domain names such as example.org into numeric IP addresses so browsers can reach the correct server.

Bcc field

Blind carbon copy; recipients listed here receive the email but their addresses are hidden from other recipients. Used to protect privacy in group mail.

URL

Uniform Resource Locator; the address of a resource on the web, containing a protocol, domain name, and optional path, query, and fragment parts.

IPv4 address

A 32-bit address written as four decimal numbers separated by dots, such as 192.168.1.1. It identifies a device on an IP network.

Primary key

A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a table. It cannot contain null values and no two rows may share it.

Foreign key

A column in one table that references the primary key of another table, enforcing referential integrity so that orphan records cannot exist.

DML

Data Manipulation Language; the SQL command group that works on stored data, comprising INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE. It does not change table structure.

Normalisation

The process of organising tables to reduce redundancy and dependency. First normal form removes repeating groups; higher forms remove partial and transitive dependencies.

HAVING clause

An SQL clause that filters groups after GROUP BY, typically applied to aggregate results such as SUM or COUNT. WHERE filters rows before grouping instead.

Variable

A named storage location in a program whose value can change during execution. Each variable has a data type and a scope.

While loop

An iteration structure that tests its condition before each pass and repeats the body while the condition is true. If false at entry, the body never runs.

Compiler

A translator that converts an entire source program into machine code before execution, reporting all syntax errors together. Examples are C and C++ compilers.

Algorithm

A finite, ordered set of unambiguous steps that takes input and produces output to solve a problem. It must be definite, effective, and terminate.

BPO

Business Process Outsourcing; contracting an external provider to run business processes such as customer support, payroll, or data entry for the client organisation.

Average handling time

A call centre metric equal to total talk, hold, and after-call work time divided by the number of calls handled. Lower AHT generally raises capacity.

Verbatim transcription

A transcription style that records every spoken word, including filler words and false starts, exactly as heard, used in legal or research settings.

Service level agreement

A contract clause defining measurable service expectations, such as answering a percentage of calls within a set time, plus penalties for missing the target.

20-20-20 rule

A guideline to reduce digital eye strain: every 20 minutes, look at an object about 20 feet away for at least 20 seconds to relax the eye muscles.

Repetitive strain injury

Pain or damage in muscles, tendons, or nerves caused by repeated motion and poor posture, common in long keyboard and mouse use. Prevented by breaks and neutral wrist posture.

Confidentiality

The ethical and legal duty to protect client or company information from unauthorised disclosure, usually formalised by a non-disclosure agreement signed at joining.

KPO

Knowledge Process Outsourcing; outsourcing of high-value, judgement-based work such as research, analytics, financial modelling, or legal analysis, requiring domain expertise.

Cloud computing

Delivery of computing services such as storage, servers, and software over the internet on demand, billed by usage, with elasticity and no local infrastructure ownership.

Phishing

A fraudulent email, message, or website that impersonates a trusted party to trick users into revealing passwords, OTPs, or card details.

Internet of Things

A network of physical devices fitted with sensors and network connectivity that collect and exchange data, such as smart meters, wearables, and connected appliances.

Blockchain

A distributed ledger of linked blocks, each storing a hash of the previous block. Changing past records breaks the chain, so tampering is detectable.

SaaS

Software as a Service; a cloud model in which a provider hosts an application and users access it over the internet, typically by subscription, without installing it locally.