RSMSSB CHO cheat sheet

Rajasthan covers 342,239 km², the largest Indian state by area; it shares borders with Punjab, Haryana, Uttar Pradesh, Madhya Pradesh and Gujarat, and with Pakistan to the west.

Thar Desert (Marusthali) occupies about 60% of the state; the Aravalli Range runs southwest to northeast for roughly 800 km and divides Rajasthan into arid western and semi-arid eastern regions.

Highest peak: Guru Shikhar (1,722 m) on Mount Abu in Sirohi district; lowest and hottest place: Phalodi/Churu belt; Churu recorded 50°C in 2016.

Longest river within the state: Chambal (tributary of Yamuna); inland drainage rivers Luni and Ghaggar; Sambhar Lake is India's largest inland salt lake.

Districts: 33 (as of 2023, including new districts such as Balotra, Khairthal-Tijara, Deeg, Didwana-Kuchaman, Kotputli-Behror, Phalodi, Salumbar, Sanchore, Anupgarh, Gangapur City, Neem Ka Thana, Shahpura, Dausa etc.; verify current notification).

Koppen climate: BWhw (hot desert) in west, BShw (semi-arid) in east; average annual rainfall ranges from under 100 mm in Jaisalmer to over 800 mm in Jhalawar.

Major minerals: zinc-lead at Zawar (Udaipur), copper at Khetri (Jhunjhunu), gypsum at Nagaur, rock phosphate at Jhamarkotra, marble at Makrana, sandstone at Dholpur.

State symbols: tree – Khejri (Prosopis cineraria); animal – Chinkara (and Camel as state animal livestock); bird – Godawan (Great Indian Bustard); flower – Rohida.

Key dates: Rajasthan formed 30 March 1949 (Greater Rajasthan); Rajasthan Day is celebrated on 30 March; capital Jaipur; High Court at Jodhpur.

Forts of Rajasthan (UNESCO Hill Forts): Chittorgarh, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore, Amber, Jaisalmer and Gagron - all inscribed in 2013.

Folk deities: Pabuji (protector of camels, Phalodi), Gogaji (snake god, Gogamedi), Tejaji (snake-bite healer, Kharnal), Ramdevji (Kamdiya, Runicha), Mallinath ji.

Folk dances: Ghoomar (women, Rajasthan's state dance), Kalbelia (UNESCO ICH 2010, snake-charmer community), Bhavai, Chari, Tera Tali, Kachhi Ghodi, Gair.

Folk instruments: Ravanhattha, Kamaycha, Sarangi, Algoza, Morchang, Nagara, Dhol; Manganiyar and Langa communities are hereditary musicians.

Painting schools: Kishangarh (Bani Thani), Bundi, Kota, Jaipur, Mewar, Marwar, Bikaner, Nathdwara Pichhwai.

Fairs: Pushkar Camel Fair (Kartik Purnima), Teej (Jaipur), Desert Festival (Jaisalmer), Gangaur, Kaila Devi, Ramdev Fair, Urs of Khwaja Moinuddin Chishti at Ajmer.

Literature: Padmavat by Malik Muhammad Jayasi, Prithviraj Raso by Chand Bardai, Dhola Maru, Panchida; Dingal and Pingal dialects; Mira Bai's bhajans.

Handicrafts: Bandhani and Leheriya textiles, blue pottery (Jaipur), Thewa art (Pratapgarh), Molela clay work, Sanganeri and Bagru block prints, Kota Doria sarees.

Epidemiological triad: agent, host, environment; disease causation models include germ theory, epidemiological triad and web of causation.

Incidence = new cases / population at risk per unit time; prevalence = all cases / total population at a point or period; Prevalence ≈ Incidence × Duration.

Attack rate = new cases during outbreak / population exposed × 100; case fatality rate = deaths from disease / diagnosed cases × 100.

Sensitivity = TP/(TP+FN); Specificity = TN/(TN+FP); Positive predictive value = TP/(TP+FP); PPV rises as prevalence rises.

Levels of prevention: primordial (risk-factor control), primary (immunisation, health promotion), secondary (early detection/screening), tertiary (rehabilitation), quaternary (avoid over-medicalisation).

Herd immunity threshold = 1 − 1/R₀; for measles R₀ ≈ 12–18, requiring ~92–95% two-dose coverage.

Notifiable diseases in India include cholera, plague, dengue, malaria, polio, rabies, measles; Integrated Disease Surveillance Programme (IDSP) reports weekly S/P/L forms.

Screening tests must be acceptable, safe, cheap and have high sensitivity; confirmatory tests require high specificity.

Primary Health Centre norm: one PHC per 30,000 rural population (20,000 in hilly/tribal areas); one Community Health Centre per 1,20,000 (80,000 in difficult areas) with 30 beds.

Sub-centre norm: one per 5,000 population (3,000 in hilly/tribal); staffed by one ANM and one Male Health Worker; ASHA one per 1,000 population (village-based).

Nursing process: Assessment → Diagnosis → Planning → Implementation → Evaluation (ADPIE); documentation uses SOAP notes (Subjective, Objective, Assessment, Plan).

Vital signs adult ranges: pulse 60–100/min, respiratory rate 12–20/min, BP 120/80 mmHg (normal), oral temperature 36.5–37.5°C, SpO₂ ≥ 95%.

Universal precautions: hand hygiene (WHO 5 moments), gloves for body-fluid contact, sharps disposal in puncture-proof container, spill management with 1% sodium hypochlorite.

Cold chain: OPV at −20°C, measles and BCG at −20°C to −8°C, DPT/TT/Hep B at 2–8°C; VVM (vaccine vial monitor) changes from inner square to outer square when exposed to heat.

Home visit bag technique keeps equipment clean; bag should be kept on a clean surface, not on the patient's bed; wash hands before and after each procedure.

Growth monitoring: weight-for-age (underweight), height-for-age (stunting), weight-for-height (wasting); MUAC <11.5 cm indicates severe acute malnutrition in children 6–59 months.

Normal adult blood values: haemoglobin 13–17 g/dL (male), 12–15 g/dL (female); RBC 4.5–5.5 million/µL; WBC 4,000–11,000/µL; platelets 1.5–4.5 lakh/µL.

Cardiac cycle: SA node is the pacemaker (60–100/min); normal PR interval 0.12–0.20 s, QRS <0.12 s, QT corrected <0.44 s.

Respiratory: tidal volume ~500 mL; vital capacity ~4,800 mL (male); oxygen carried ~97% by haemoglobin and 3% dissolved in plasma.

Renal: GFR ~125 mL/min; normal urine output 0.5–1 mL/kg/h; kidneys regulate acid–base via bicarbonate reabsorption and H⁺ excretion.

Liver: produces bile (~800 mL/day), albumin, clotting factors; detoxifies ammonia to urea via the urea cycle.

Endocrine: insulin lowers blood glucose; glucagon raises it; thyroid hormones T3/T4 regulate basal metabolic rate; cortisol is the stress hormone.

Blood groups: ABO and Rh; O-negative is universal donor for red cells; AB-positive is universal recipient; Rh-negative mother with Rh-positive fetus is at risk of haemolytic disease.

Common deficiency diseases: vitamin A – night blindness; vitamin D – rickets/osteomalacia; vitamin C – scurvy; iron – microcytic anaemia; iodine – goitre.

National Health Mission (NHM) = National Rural Health Mission (2005) + National Urban Health Mission (2013); components include RMNCH+A, NUHM, disease control programmes and infrastructure strengthening.

Ayushman Bharat has two pillars: Health and Wellness Centres (upgraded to Ayushman Arogya Mandir) and PM-JAY (₹5 lakh per family per year, secondary and tertiary hospitalisation).

RMNCH+A: Janani Suraksha Yojana (JSY) cash incentive for institutional delivery; Janani Shishu Suraksha Karyakram (JSSK) free delivery and newborn care; Pradhan Mantri Surakshit Matritva Abhiyan (PMSMA) on the 9th of every month.

Immunisation: Universal Immunisation Programme covers BCG, OPV, Hep B, Pentavalent, Rotavirus, PCV, IPV, MR, DPT, TT and JE in endemic districts; Mission Indradhanush targets unvaccinated children.

National programmes: NTEP (TB, 2025 elimination target), NPCDCS (NCDs), NVBDCP (vector-borne), NACP (HIV/AIDS), NPCBVI (blindness), NMHP (mental health), NPPCD (deafness).

Rajasthan schemes: Mukhyamantri Chiranjeevi Swasthya Bima Yojana (cashless up to ₹25 lakh per family per year), Mukhyamantri Nishulk Dava Yojana (free medicines), Mukhyamantri Nishulk Janch Yojana (free diagnostics), RajSwasthya, ASHA Sahyogini, Jan Aadhaar-linked benefits.

Pulse Polio Immunisation (now National Immunisation Day) uses OPV for children under 5; India was certified polio-free in 2014; AFMSA surveillance continues.

National Health Policy 2017 targets: raise public health expenditure to 2.5% of GDP; reduce out-of-pocket expenditure to 30%; eliminate TB, measles, rubella, malaria by 2030; reduce MMR to below 70 per 100,000 live births.

SI units: force – newton (N), pressure – pascal (Pa), work/energy – joule (J), power – watt (W), frequency – hertz (Hz), electric charge – coulomb (C).

Newton's laws: F = ma; action–reaction equal and opposite; inertia keeps a body at rest or uniform motion unless acted on by a net force.

Ohm's law: V = IR; power P = VI = I²R = V²/R; resistors in series add (R = R₁+R₂), in parallel 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂.

Acids turn blue litmus red, bases turn red litmus blue; pH scale 0–14; neutral pH = 7; strong acid HCl, strong base NaOH.

Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight; occurs in chloroplasts.

Human digestive enzymes: salivary amylase (starch), pepsin (protein in stomach, acidic pH), trypsin (protein in small intestine), lipase (fat).

Cell organelles: mitochondria (ATP production), ribosomes (protein synthesis), nucleus (genetic material), lysosome (digestion), chloroplast (photosynthesis in plants).

Common scientific instruments: barometer (pressure), hygrometer (humidity), anemometer (wind speed), seismograph (earthquakes), sphygmomanometer (BP).

Percentage: x% of N = (x/100)×N; percentage increase = (new − old)/old × 100; successive change a% then b% gives net = a + b + ab/100.

Simple interest SI = P×R×T/100; compound interest A = P(1 + R/100)^T; CI = A − P.

Speed = distance/time; average speed for equal distances = 2xy/(x+y); train crossing pole takes length/speed time.

Ratio and proportion: if a:b = c:d then ad = bc; partnership profit shares are proportional to capital × time.

Permutation nPr = n!/(n−r)!; combination nCr = n!/(r!(n−r)!); probability of event = favourable/total outcomes.

Number series and coding-decoding: identify pattern (difference, ratio, square/cube, alternate series); letter positions A=1…Z=26; reverse position = 27 − forward position.

Blood relations and direction sense: draw a family tree or compass diagram; left/right turns change the facing direction by 90°.

Syllogism: use Venn diagrams; 'All A are B' does not imply 'All B are A'; 'Some A are B' implies 'Some B are A'.

संधि: स्वर संधि (दीर्घ, गुण, वृद्धि, यण, अयादि), व्यंजन संधि, विसर्ग संधि; उदाहरण – सूर्य + उदय = सूर्योदय (गुण संधि)।

समास के भेद: तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि, अव्ययीभाव; उदाहरण – राजपुत्र = राजा का पुत्र (तत्पुरुष)।

उपसर्ग और प्रत्यय: उपसर्ग शब्द के आरम्भ में जुड़ता है (प्र + हार = प्रहार); प्रत्यय अंत में (लड़क + पन = लड़कपन)।

वाक्य के अंग: उद्देश्य और विधेय; वाक्य भेद – सरल, संयुक्त, मिश्र; रचना के आधार पर वर्गीकरण।

अलंकार: अनुप्रास (वर्ण की आवृत्ति), उपमा (समानता), रूपक (अभेद), उत्प्रेक्षा (संभावना), यमक (शब्द की आवृत्ति भिन्न अर्थ)।

रस के नौ भेद: शृंगार, हास्य, करुण, रौद्र, वीर, भयानक, बीभत्स, अद्भुत, शांत; शृंगार को रसराज कहते हैं।

मुहावरे और लोकोक्तियाँ: 'नौ दो ग्यारह होना' = भाग जाना; 'अंधे की लाठी' = एकमात्र सहारा।

वर्तनी और शब्द-शुद्धि: 'क्ष' संयुक्त व्यंजन है; 'ज्ञ' = ज् + ञ; अनुस्वार (ं) और अनुनासिक (ँ) का प्रयोग।

Tenses: present perfect (has/have + V3) for past action with present relevance; past perfect (had + V3) for the earlier of two past actions.

Active to passive: object becomes subject, verb becomes be + V3, agent introduced by 'by'; only transitive verbs can be passivised.

Articles: 'a/an' for indefinite countable singulars (an before vowel sound), 'the' for definite/specific nouns and unique entities (the sun).

Prepositions: in (enclosed space/large area), on (surface), at (point); since + point of time, for + duration.

Direct to indirect speech: change tense one step back, pronouns according to reporting verb, time/place words (now → then, here → there).

Common idioms: 'once in a blue moon' (very rarely), 'a blessing in disguise' (apparent misfortune that turns good), 'to bite the bullet' (face a difficult situation).

Subject–verb agreement: singular subject takes singular verb; 'each/every/either/neither' take singular verbs; collective nouns usually singular.

Synonyms/antonyms and one-word substitutions: 'altruist' (selfless person), 'philanthropist' (lover of mankind), 'misanthrope' (hater of mankind).

Computer generations: 1st – vacuum tubes; 2nd – transistors; 3rd – integrated circuits; 4th – microprocessors; 5th – artificial intelligence.

Memory units: 1 byte = 8 bits; 1 KB = 1024 bytes; 1 MB = 1024 KB; 1 GB = 1024 MB; 1 TB = 1024 GB.

Hardware: CPU (ALU + control unit + registers), RAM (volatile), ROM (non-volatile), input devices (keyboard, mouse, scanner), output devices (monitor, printer).

Shortcut keys: Ctrl+C copy, Ctrl+V paste, Ctrl+X cut, Ctrl+Z undo, Ctrl+Y redo, Ctrl+S save, Ctrl+P print, Ctrl+A select all, Alt+F4 close window.

MS Word: .docx; MS Excel: .xlsx (spreadsheet, formulas start with '='); MS PowerPoint: .pptx; default file extensions are important for exams.

Internet: WWW uses HTTP/HTTPS; URL identifies a resource; IP address identifies a device; email format user@domain; search engines index web pages.

Networking devices: hub (broadcasts), switch (MAC-based forwarding), router (IP-based routing), modem (modulates/demodulates signal).

Cyber safety: strong passwords, two-factor authentication, avoid phishing links, antivirus updates, do not share OTP.