TGSRTC TST/MST flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Fundamental traffic flow equation

Flow equals density multiplied by space-mean speed (q = k × v). Flow is measured in vehicles per hour, density in vehicles per kilometre, and speed in kilometres per hour.

Level of Service F

The lowest LOS grade, describing forced or breakdown flow where demand exceeds capacity, speeds drop sharply, and stop-and-go conditions prevail with long queues.

Passenger Car Unit

A factor converting a vehicle type into an equivalent number of cars for capacity analysis. A car is 1.0, a bus about 3.0–4.5, and a two-wheeler about 0.5–0.75.

Webster's cycle length formula

Optimum signal cycle C₀ = (1.5L + 5)/(1 − Y), where L is total lost time per cycle in seconds and Y is the sum of critical flow ratios for the intersection.

Four-stroke engine cycle

The sequence intake, compression, power, and exhaust. The piston makes four strokes and the crankshaft turns twice per cycle, while the camshaft turns just once.

Compression ratio

The ratio of total cylinder volume to clearance volume, equal to (swept volume + clearance volume)/clearance volume. Petrol engines run roughly 8:1 to 12:1.

Engine displacement

The total swept volume of all cylinders, computed as (π/4) × bore² × stroke × number of cylinders, usually expressed in cubic centimetres or litres.

Common rail direct injection

A diesel fuel system storing fuel at high pressure in a common rail, so injection pressure is independent of engine speed, improving atomisation, torque, and emissions.

Learner's licence validity

A learner's licence remains valid for six months. A permanent licence may be applied for after 30 days, and before the learner's licence expires.

Blood alcohol limit

Under Section 185 of the Motor Vehicles Act, driving with more than 30 mg of alcohol per 100 mL of blood is an offence, punishable with fine and imprisonment.

Third-party insurance

Compulsory cover under Section 146 of the Motor Vehicles Act, indemnifying the insured against liability for death, injury, or property damage caused to third parties.

Stage carriage permit

A permit authorising a transport vehicle to carry passengers for hire on a fixed route with specified stops, picking up and setting down passengers along the way.

42nd Amendment Act

A 1976 amendment adding socialist, secular, and integrity to the Preamble and inserting Fundamental Duties under Article 51A of the Constitution.

Telangana formation date

Telangana became the 29th state of India on 2 June 2014 under the Andhra Pradesh Reorganisation Act, 2014, with Hyderabad as its capital.

Article 21A

A Fundamental Right inserted by the 86th Amendment in 2002, making free and compulsory education a right for children aged six to fourteen years.

Compound interest two-year gap

For two years, the difference between compound and simple interest equals P × (R/100)², where P is the principal and R the annual rate percent.

Relative speed

When two bodies move towards each other, relative speed is the sum of their speeds; when moving in the same direction, it is the difference.

Work together formula

If A alone finishes a job in x days and B in y days, working together they finish it in xy/(x + y) days, the harmonic-style combined rate.

Boats and streams

Downstream speed equals boat speed plus stream speed; upstream equals boat speed minus stream speed. Boat speed is the average of the two.

Clock hand gain

The minute hand gains 5.5 degrees per minute on the hour hand. The two hands coincide 11 times and are opposite 11 times in every 12 hours.

Odd days in 400 years

A block of 400 years has zero odd days, while 100, 200, and 300-year blocks each have five odd days, which drives calendar day-of-week problems.

Syllogism validity rule

A conclusion follows only if it is true in every possible Venn diagram consistent with the premises; a single counter-diagram makes it invalid.

Blood relation tree

A diagram using vertical lines for generations and horizontal lines for siblings and spouses, with gender marked explicitly, to answer family relationship questions reliably.

Kakatiya dynasty

A dynasty ruling the Deccan from Orugallu, present-day Warangal, between the twelfth and fourteenth centuries, known for the Ramappa and Thousand Pillar temples.

Bathukamma festival

A floral festival of Telangana in which women arrange seasonal flowers in a conical stack, sing and dance around it, and finally immerse it in water.

Ramappa Temple

A Kakatiya-era temple at Palampet in Telangana, formally the Rudreshwara temple, inscribed as a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2021.

Telangana rivers

The Godavari and Krishna are the state's two principal rivers. The Musi, a Krishna tributary, flows through Hyderabad, and the Manjira joins the Godavari.

Absolute cell reference

An Excel reference such as $A$1 that keeps both column and row fixed when the formula is copied, unlike a relative reference like A1.

COUNT versus COUNTA

COUNT counts only cells containing numbers, while COUNTA counts all non-empty cells including text, so it is used for populated lists.

IPv4 versus IPv6

IPv4 addresses are 32-bit and written in dotted decimal; IPv6 addresses are 128-bit and written in hexadecimal, providing a vastly larger address space.

Storage unit conversions

One byte is eight bits, one kilobyte is 1024 bytes, one megabyte is 1024 kilobytes, one gigabyte is 1024 megabytes, and one terabyte is 1024 gigabytes.

Volatile versus non-volatile memory

RAM is volatile and loses its contents when power is removed, whereas ROM, hard disks, and SSDs are non-volatile and retain data without power.