TS EdCET flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Subject-verb agreement rule

A singular subject takes a singular verb; a plural subject takes a plural verb. Indefinite pronouns such as each, everyone, and nobody are singular and take singular verbs.

Active vs passive voice

Active voice has the subject performing the action (The teacher explained the lesson). Passive voice has the subject receiving the action (The lesson was explained by the teacher).

Direct to indirect speech

When converting direct to indirect speech, change pronouns according to the speaker, shift tense back one step, and adjust time and place words (now becomes then, here becomes there).

Second conditional

The second conditional uses past tense in the if-clause and would plus base verb in the main clause to describe unreal or hypothetical present situations (If I were rich, I would travel).

Simile vs metaphor

A simile compares two things using like or as (as brave as a lion). A metaphor states one thing is another without like or as (Time is a thief).

Semicolon usage

A semicolon joins two independent clauses that are closely related in meaning, without using a conjunction. It can also separate items in a list that already contain commas.

Articles a, an, the

Use a before consonant sounds, an before vowel sounds, and the for specific or unique nouns. Do not use articles with general plurals or most abstract nouns.

Constitution adoption date

The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, which is celebrated as Republic Day.

Fundamental Rights location

Fundamental Rights are listed in Part III of the Indian Constitution, covering Articles 12 to 35, and include equality, freedom, and constitutional remedies.

Telangana formation

Telangana became the 29th state of India on 2 June 2014. Its capital is Hyderabad, and it was carved out of the northwestern part of Andhra Pradesh.

Chandrayaan-3 mission

Chandrayaan-3 was an Indian Space Research Organisation mission that successfully landed a lander and rover near the lunar south pole in August 2023.

Repo rate definition

The repo rate is the interest rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends money to commercial banks against government securities. It is a key monetary policy tool.

Bloom's taxonomy levels

The revised Bloom's taxonomy orders cognitive objectives from lower to higher: Remember, Understand, Apply, Analyse, Evaluate, and Create. Teachers use action verbs to write objectives at each level.

Piaget's concrete operational stage

In Piaget's theory, the concrete operational stage occurs from about 7 to 11 years. Children can think logically about concrete objects and events but struggle with abstract reasoning.

Zone of Proximal Development

Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what they can do with guidance. Scaffolding helps learners cross this gap.

Formative evaluation

Formative evaluation happens during instruction to monitor learning and provide feedback. It is not used for final grading but to adjust teaching and improve student understanding.

Inclusive education principle

Inclusive education means adapting curriculum, teaching methods, and infrastructure so that all learners, including those with disabilities, learn together in mainstream classrooms with appropriate support.

Kohlberg's conventional level

At Kohlberg's conventional level of moral development, individuals follow rules to gain social approval and maintain law and order, rather than to avoid punishment or serve self-interest.

Quadratic formula

For a quadratic equation ax² + bx + c = 0, the roots are x = [−b ± √(b²−4ac)] / (2a). The discriminant b²−4ac shows whether roots are real, equal, or complex.

Pythagoras theorem

In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides: a² + b² = c², where c is the hypotenuse.

Newton's second law

Newton's second law states that the force acting on an object equals its mass times its acceleration (F = ma). It explains how force changes motion.

Ohm's law

Ohm's law states that the current through a conductor is directly proportional to the voltage across it and inversely proportional to its resistance: V = IR.

pH scale

The pH scale measures hydrogen ion concentration: pH = −log[H⁺]. Values below 7 are acidic, 7 is neutral, and above 7 are basic (alkaline).

Photosynthesis equation

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen using light energy and chlorophyll: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂. It occurs in chloroplasts.

Human digestion sequence

Human digestion follows ingestion, digestion, absorption, assimilation, and egestion. Enzymes such as amylase, pepsin, and lipase work at specific pH levels in different organs.

Dandi March

The Dandi March, led by Mahatma Gandhi in 1930, was a nonviolent protest against the British salt tax. It marked a major turning point in India's freedom movement.

Communicative language teaching

Communicative language teaching emphasises real communication and interaction. It uses tasks, role-play, and authentic materials to develop fluency rather than focusing only on grammar rules.

Directive Principles location

Directive Principles of State Policy are contained in Part IV of the Indian Constitution, Articles 36 to 51. They guide government policy but are not enforceable in courts.

National Education Day

National Education Day is celebrated in India on 11 November to honour Maulana Abul Kalam Azad, the first Education Minister, on his birth anniversary.

Diagnostic evaluation

Diagnostic evaluation is conducted before or during instruction to identify learners' specific strengths, weaknesses, and learning gaps so that remedial teaching can be planned.

Scaffolding in teaching

Scaffolding provides temporary support, such as hints, models, or prompts, to help learners complete tasks they cannot yet do independently. Support is gradually removed as competence grows.

Indirect speech tense shift

When the reporting verb is in the past, direct speech tenses usually shift back: present to past, past to past perfect, and will to would. Time and place words also change.