TSPSC AMVI key terms

Provision that makes driving or attempting to drive with blood alcohol above 30 mg per 100 ml, or under influence of a drug, a punishable offence with imprisonment, fine and licence suspension.

Approved instrument that estimates blood alcohol concentration from a breath sample, used by enforcement officers to gather evidence under drunk-driving provisions of the Motor Vehicles Act.

Provision penalising dangerous driving, including driving in a manner endangering human life or likely to cause hurt, and covers racing and speed trials on public roads.

Section empowering state and local authorities to fix maximum and minimum speed limits for vehicles on specified roads, with notification required before enforcement.

Section requiring every person driving or riding a two-wheeler to wear protective headgear conforming to prescribed standards, with limited exemptions.

Penal provision for riding a two-wheeler without a helmet, imposing a fine and disqualification from holding a licence for a specified period.

Provision penalising driving an uninsured vehicle, imposing imprisonment and fine, or both, because third-party insurance is mandatory before a vehicle may be used in a public place.

Section that prohibits using a motor vehicle in a public place without a policy of insurance covering third-party liability, with narrow exceptions such as vehicles owned by government.

Compulsory cover that indemnifies the vehicle owner against legal liability for death, bodily injury or property damage caused to other road users.

Special tribunal constituted under the Motor Vehicles Act to adjudicate compensation claims arising from accidents, applying structured formulae for death and injury cases.

Duty imposed on a driver involved in an accident to stop, secure medical help for the injured, and report particulars to the nearest police station.

Accident in which the driver leaves the scene without reporting or helping the injured, attracting enhanced penalties and access to a statutory compensation scheme for victims.

Section empowering a police officer or authorised person to demand production of a driving licence, registration certificate, insurance certificate and permit for inspection.

Document issued by the registering authority recording the vehicle's identity, owner and class, and required before the vehicle may lawfully be used.

Certificate issued after inspection confirming that a transport vehicle complies with prescribed standards of roadworthiness, and valid only for a specified period.

Subordinate legislation framing technical and procedural requirements, such as construction, equipment, emission limits, permits and inspection, for vehicles regulated under the Motor Vehicles Act.

Process by which a prototype vehicle or component is tested against prescribed standards by an authorised agency before the model may be manufactured and sold.

India's staged emission standards for new vehicles, modelled on European norms, tightening permissible limits for carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons, nitrogen oxides and particulate matter.

Exhaust after-treatment device using precious-metal catalysts to convert carbon monoxide, hydrocarbons and nitrogen oxides into less harmful gases before release.

System that recirculates a measured portion of exhaust gas into the intake charge, lowering combustion peak temperature and thereby suppressing formation of nitrogen oxides.

Proportion by mass of air to fuel supplied to the engine; the stoichiometric value near 14.7:1 for petrol permits complete combustion in theory.

Air-fuel mixture containing exactly the oxygen needed to burn all fuel completely, producing only carbon dioxide, water and nitrogen under ideal conditions.

Device that mixes fuel with air by drawing petrol through a venturi-induced pressure drop, now largely replaced by electronic fuel injection in modern vehicles.

Ratio of cylinder volume above the piston at bottom dead centre to the volume at top dead centre, influencing power output, efficiency and knock tendency.

Operating sequence of intake, compression, power and exhaust strokes completed in two crankshaft revolutions, used by most modern petrol and diesel engines.

Thermodynamic cycle in which fuel is injected into highly compressed hot air and ignites spontaneously, giving high compression ratios and better thermal efficiency than spark ignition.

Component that pressurises diesel and delivers metered quantities to each injector at the correct moment, governing engine speed and load response.

Fuel system maintaining a shared high-pressure rail feeding electronically controlled injectors, allowing precise multiple injections per cycle for emissions and refinement.

Measure of a petrol's resistance to knock, expressed relative to iso-octane and heptane reference blends; higher values suit higher compression ratios.

Abnormal premature detonation of the end-gas ahead of the flame front, producing a metallic sound and possible piston or bearing damage.

Crankshaft angle at which the spark occurs relative to top dead centre, advanced or retarded by mechanical or electronic means to suit speed and load.

Transformer that steps battery voltage up to the high voltage needed to jump the spark plug gap, controlled by contact breaker or electronic switching.

Belt-driven generator producing alternating current that is rectified to charge the battery and supply vehicle loads while the engine runs.

Control device that limits charging system output to a safe level, preventing battery overcharge and protecting lamps and electronic modules from excess voltage.

Condition where the friction disc fails to transmit full engine torque, causing engine speed to rise without matching vehicle speed, often from wear or oil contamination.

Gearbox using sliding or constant-mesh gears selected by the driver through a clutch, offering fixed ratios between engine speed and road speed.

Gear assembly that splits drive between wheels while allowing them to rotate at different speeds during cornering, preventing tyre scrub and wind-up.

Adjustment of camber, caster, toe and steering axis inclination so wheels roll correctly, minimising tyre wear and improving straight-line stability.

Correction of uneven mass distribution in a wheel and tyre assembly by adding weights, removing vibration that would otherwise appear at speed.

Inspection procedure measuring deceleration or braking force relative to vehicle weight, with prescribed minimum percentages for service and parking brakes.

System that modulates brake pressure to prevent wheel lock, preserving steering control and reducing stopping distance on low-friction surfaces.

Disciplined analysis of skid marks, vehicle damage, road geometry and witness data to estimate pre-impact speeds and driver actions.

Interval between a hazard becoming visible and the driver applying the brake, typically assumed as about one second in road design and accident analysis.

Total distance covered from the moment a hazard is perceived until the vehicle halts, combining reaction distance and braking distance.