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TS-TET Paper 2 study materials
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TS-TET Paper 2 practice questions

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Question 1Child Development and Pedagogy

According to Piaget, a child who insists that a taller, narrower glass holds more water than a shorter, wider glass containing the same amount is most likely in which stage?

  1. Sensorimotor stage
  2. Formal operational stage
  3. Concrete operational stage
  4. Preoperational stage Correct answer.

Explanation

Conservation of liquid quantity is typically achieved in the concrete operational stage, roughly from seven to eleven years. The preoperational child centres on a single perceptual feature, the taller water level, and ignores the unchanged quantity, so the reasoning in the stem reflects preoperational thought.

Question 2Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class VII teacher designs a geometry task that a student cannot solve alone but can complete with the teacher's prompts and a worked example. In Vygotsky's terms, this task lies within the student's

  1. zone of intrinsic motivation
  2. actual development level, because prompts had to be given
  3. zone of proximal development Correct answer.
  4. level of formal operations

Explanation

The zone of proximal development is the distance between what a learner can do independently and what the learner can do with adult guidance or peer collaboration. A task solvable only with prompts therefore sits inside the ZPD and is pitched at the right level for instruction.

Question 3Child Development and Pedagogy

A student says a rule should be followed because "otherwise others will think I am not a good student." In Kohlberg's theory, this reasoning belongs to which orientation?

  1. Good boy–good girl orientation Correct answer.
  2. Social contract orientation
  3. Punishment and obedience orientation
  4. Universal ethical principle orientation

Explanation

Kohlberg's good boy–nice girl orientation at stage three is driven by the desire for social approval and for being seen as a good person by others. Wanting to avoid being thought badly of is interpersonal approval seeking, not fear of punishment or appeal to abstract principle.

Question 4Child Development and Pedagogy

In Erikson's psychosocial theory, which crisis is central to adolescence?

  1. Initiative versus guilt
  2. Trust versus mistrust
  3. Identity versus role confusion Correct answer.
  4. Industry versus inferiority

Explanation

Erikson placed identity versus role confusion in adolescence, when the young person integrates childhood experiences into a coherent sense of self and explores future roles. School and peer contexts are the main settings in which this exploration occurs.

Question 5Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil becomes anxious every time the mathematics teacher enters carrying a bundle of test papers, because those papers have repeatedly been followed by a difficult test. In this situation the test papers function as

  1. an unconditioned response
  2. an unconditioned stimulus
  3. a conditioned response
  4. a conditioned stimulus Correct answer.

Explanation

A conditioned stimulus is a previously neutral cue that acquires the power to elicit a response after repeated pairing with an unconditioned stimulus. The test papers are the neutral cue predicting the difficult test, so they become the CS that evokes anxiety.

Question 6Child Development and Pedagogy

A student writes vivid stories, enjoys wordplay and learns new vocabulary quickly, but struggles with map reading and mental rotation tasks. In Gardner's theory, which intelligence is most strongly indicated?

  1. Logical-mathematical intelligence
  2. Spatial intelligence
  3. Linguistic intelligence Correct answer.
  4. Bodily-kinaesthetic intelligence

Explanation

Gardner's linguistic intelligence covers sensitivity to spoken and written language, word meaning and the ability to use language to explain or persuade. Story writing, wordplay and rapid vocabulary learning are its markers, whereas map reading falls under spatial intelligence.

Question 7Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class V student has average intelligence and good oral expression but persistently reverses letters, reads very slowly and finds it hard to match letters to their sounds. This profile is most characteristic of

  1. dyscalculia
  2. dyslexia Correct answer.
  3. attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
  4. dysgraphia

Explanation

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability affecting accurate and fluent word reading, spelling and phonological processing in children of otherwise adequate intelligence. Letter reversal, slow reading and weak letter-sound mapping are its classic signs.

Question 8Child Development and Pedagogy

Which practice is most consistent with the principle of inclusive education for a child with a specific learning disability in a regular classroom?

  1. Keeping the same curricular goals while allowing extra time and audio support Correct answer.
  2. Seating the child separately at the back of the room so that other students are not disturbed during lessons
  3. Offering the child a simplified syllabus in every subject and exempting the child from all formal assessments
  4. Transferring the child to a special school as the first step immediately after identification is confirmed

Explanation

Inclusive education means the child with a disability is taught in the regular classroom with curriculum and goals shared with peers, supported by accommodations rather than segregation or a diluted syllabus. Accommodations remove barriers to learning without lowering expectations for the child.

Question 9Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher revisits the topic of living and non-living things in Classes III, VI and VIII, each time with greater depth and abstraction. This organisation of curriculum best reflects

  1. Bruner's spiral curriculum Correct answer.
  2. Skinner's programmed instruction
  3. Bloom's mastery learning
  4. Ausubel's advance organiser

Explanation

Bruner's spiral curriculum revisits the same fundamental ideas at increasing levels of complexity so that earlier learning is consolidated and extended. Re-teaching a topic with deeper abstraction in later classes matches this design.

Question 10Child Development and Pedagogy

A child in the concrete operational stage can conserve number but still fails conservation of weight and volume. In Piaget's theory, this uneven acquisition of the same operation across different content areas is called

  1. transductive reasoning
  2. horizontal decalage Correct answer.
  3. egocentrism
  4. centration

Explanation

Horizontal decalage refers to the uneven spread of the same cognitive operation across content areas within a single stage; number conservation appears earlier than weight conservation, and weight earlier than volume conservation. It explains why children in one stage succeed on some tasks and fail on structurally similar ones.

Question 11Child Development and Pedagogy

A toddler who has learned the word 'dog' now calls every four-legged animal, including goats and cats, a 'dog'. In Piaget's theory, this behaviour illustrates which process?

  1. Assimilation Correct answer.
  2. Equilibration
  3. Accommodation
  4. Object permanence

Explanation

Assimilation occurs when a child interprets a new experience using an existing schema without altering that schema. The toddler fits goats and cats into the already-formed 'dog' category. Accommodation would require modifying the schema after noticing the differences, and equilibration is the broader balancing process between the two.

Question 12Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class III child whispers 'first add the ones, then carry' to herself while solving a worksheet. According to Vygotsky, how should the teacher interpret this?

  1. Evidence of concrete operational thought about number
  2. Egocentric speech that should be discouraged
  3. Private speech that later becomes inner speech Correct answer.
  4. A sign of an underlying language delay requiring referral

Explanation

Vygotsky viewed private speech as self-guidance that children use to plan and regulate their actions before it is internalised as silent inner speech. Teachers should therefore accept and even encourage such muttering rather than treat it as a problem. It is a normal stage in the development of self-regulation.

Question 13Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class V teacher gives pupils real responsibilities such as tending a class garden and displaying their project work for parents. This practice most directly supports resolution of which Erikson crisis?

  1. Initiative versus guilt
  2. Trust versus mistrust
  3. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
  4. Industry versus inferiority Correct answer.

Explanation

Erikson placed the primary school years in the industry versus inferiority stage, where children need to experience competence through real tasks and recognition. Assigning responsibilities and displaying completed work gives pupils a sense of industry. Trust, autonomy and initiative belong to earlier stages.

Question 14Child Development and Pedagogy

A student explains, 'I will not copy in the examination because if the invigilator catches me I will be suspended.' In Kohlberg's theory, this reasoning belongs to which orientation?

  1. Social contract orientation
  2. Good boy–good girl orientation
  3. Punishment and obedience orientation Correct answer.
  4. Universal ethical principle orientation

Explanation

Punishment and obedience orientation is the first preconventional stage, in which right and wrong are judged by the physical consequences and the likelihood of punishment. The student's fear of suspension is the reason for obeying. Later conventional and postconventional stages appeal to approval, law or abstract principles instead.

Question 15Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher used to give extra worksheets whenever a pupil submitted homework late. After the teacher stopped giving the extra worksheets, the pupil began submitting homework on time. In operant conditioning terms, the pupil's behaviour has been strengthened by:

  1. Negative reinforcement Correct answer.
  2. Positive reinforcement
  3. Extinction
  4. Punishment

Explanation

Negative reinforcement strengthens a behaviour by removing an unpleasant or aversive stimulus after the response. Here the extra worksheets were removed once the pupil submitted on time, and submission increased. Removal of a stimulus that strengthens behaviour, rather than adding a reward, is the defining feature of negative reinforcement.

Question 16Child Development and Pedagogy

Pupils begin speaking more politely after they see a popular senior praised by the principal for courteous speech. Which explanation best accounts for this change?

  1. Classical conditioning through repeated association with a neutral stimulus
  2. Observational learning through vicarious reinforcement Correct answer.
  3. Trial-and-error learning with direct reward for each attempt
  4. Insight learning following a sudden restructuring of the situation

Explanation

Bandura's observational learning holds that children acquire behaviours by watching models, especially when the model is admired and receives reinforcement. The praised senior functions as a model whose vicarious reinforcement encourages imitation. The pupils themselves are not directly rewarded, so direct conditioning or trial-and-error explanations are insufficient.

Question 17Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher notices that children say 'I goed home' even though they have never heard an adult use that form. Which theoretical position best explains this observation?

  1. Skinner's operant conditioning through imitation and reinforcement
  2. Vygotsky's social speech developing through interaction
  3. Piaget's assimilation of new words into existing schemas
  4. Chomsky's innate language acquisition device Correct answer.

Explanation

Chomsky argued that children could not learn language merely by imitation, because they regularly produce novel forms that they have never heard. Overregularisations such as 'goed' show that children are applying an internal rule system, which Chomsky attributed to an innate language acquisition device. Imitation alone cannot explain the creation of an unheard form.

Question 18Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class II teacher first asks children to arrange physical beads, then shows pictures of beads, and finally introduces written numerals. This sequence reflects which of Bruner's modes of representation?

  1. Sensory → motor → verbal
  2. Enactive → iconic → symbolic Correct answer.
  3. Concrete → formal → sensory
  4. Symbolic → iconic → enactive

Explanation

Bruner described three modes of representation: enactive, through direct action on objects; iconic, through images and pictures; and symbolic, through abstract symbols such as numerals and language. The lesson deliberately moves from handling real beads to pictures and then to written numerals. This progression matches enactive to iconic to symbolic representation.

Question 19Child Development and Pedagogy

A child's immediate family, classroom teachers and close friends form which layer in Bronfenbrenner's ecological systems theory?

  1. Exosystem
  2. Microsystem Correct answer.
  3. Mesosystem
  4. Macrosystem

Explanation

Bronfenbrenner's microsystem consists of the settings in which the child participates directly and interacts face-to-face with others, such as family, classroom and peer group. The mesosystem refers to links between those microsystems, while the exosystem and macrosystem are more distant. The immediate family, teachers and close friends therefore belong to the microsystem.

Question 20Child Development and Pedagogy

A mathematics teacher gives a short ungraded quiz after each topic, analyses the errors and adjusts the next lesson accordingly. This practice is best described as:

  1. Summative assessment used to certify pupil achievement
  2. Formative assessment used to guide instruction Correct answer.
  3. Norm-referenced assessment used to rank pupils against one another
  4. Aptitude testing used to predict future performance

Explanation

Formative assessment is carried out during teaching to gather evidence about learning and to inform the next instructional step. The ungraded quiz, error analysis and lesson adjustment are all characteristic of assessment for learning. Summative and norm-referenced assessments serve different purposes, such as certification and ranking.

Question 21Child Development and Pedagogy

A ten-month-old reaches for a ball that has rolled under a cushion, even though she cannot see it. In Piaget's theory, this behaviour indicates that she has developed

  1. reversibility of operations
  2. conservation of number
  3. seriation of objects
  4. object permanence Correct answer.

Explanation

Object permanence is the understanding that objects continue to exist even when they are out of sight, and it develops during the sensorimotor stage. Conservation, reversibility and seriation are achievements of the later concrete operational stage. Reaching for the hidden ball therefore shows object permanence rather than those later abilities.

Question 22Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class IV pupil from a disadvantaged home often dozes off and cannot concentrate on the worksheet. According to Maslow's hierarchy, the teacher should first ensure

  1. belongingness by making the child class monitor
  2. self-actualisation through creative projects
  3. physiological needs such as food and rest Correct answer.
  4. esteem needs through public praise

Explanation

Maslow places physiological needs such as hunger, thirst and rest at the base of the hierarchy. These deficiency needs normally have to be reasonably satisfied before a pupil can give attention to learning tasks. Esteem, belongingness and self-actualisation are higher-order needs that become pressing only after basic needs are met.

Question 23Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil chooses to read storybooks during free time because she finds the plots interesting, without any reward or fear of punishment. This behaviour best illustrates

  1. learned helplessness
  2. extrinsic motivation
  3. intrinsic motivation Correct answer.
  4. negative reinforcement

Explanation

Intrinsic motivation arises from internal interest and enjoyment of the activity itself, as when a pupil reads because the stories appeal to her. Extrinsic motivation depends on external rewards or punishments, while negative reinforcement strengthens behaviour by removing an unpleasant stimulus. Learned helplessness is passivity after repeated failure, which is not described here.

Question 24Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil argues, 'We should not break the school rule about queueing because if everyone broke rules, school life would become chaotic and no one could function.' In Kohlberg's theory this reasoning belongs to

  1. law and order orientation Correct answer.
  2. obedience and punishment orientation
  3. good boy–good girl orientation
  4. universal ethical principle orientation

Explanation

The law and order orientation, Kohlberg's stage four, justifies rules by the need to maintain social order and the smooth functioning of society. The pupil's concern with chaos if everyone broke rules fits this stage. Punishment orientation, approval orientation and universal ethical principles represent stages one, three and six respectively.

Question 25Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil with average marks in theory quickly learns to repair a bicycle and adapts the same tool to fix a different model. In Sternberg's triarchic theory, this best reflects

  1. general intelligence (g)
  2. creative intelligence
  3. analytical intelligence
  4. practical intelligence Correct answer.

Explanation

Practical intelligence is the capacity to adapt to, shape and select real-world environments, as shown in everyday repair work. Analytical intelligence involves comparing, evaluating and solving well-defined problems, while creative intelligence involves producing novel ideas. General intelligence is a broad factor rather than one of Sternberg's three specific components.

Question 26Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class VIII pupil is asked, 'What would happen to the school timetable if the day had thirty hours?' She systematically considers several possibilities and tests them against constraints. This thinking best indicates

  1. preoperational reasoning that is egocentric and animistic
  2. sensorimotor learning by trial and error
  3. concrete operational reasoning about conservation
  4. formal operational hypothetico-deductive reasoning Correct answer.

Explanation

Formal operational thought allows hypothetico-deductive reasoning, in which a pupil forms hypotheses about hypothetical situations and tests them systematically. Considering a thirty-hour day and checking possibilities against constraints is exactly this kind of reasoning. Preoperational, concrete operational and sensorimotor thinking are earlier and less abstract.

Question 27Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher's report states, 'Meena can identify eight out of ten nouns in a paragraph.' This statement is best described as

  1. criterion-referenced assessment Correct answer.
  2. diagnostic assessment
  3. ipsative assessment
  4. norm-referenced assessment

Explanation

Criterion-referenced assessment compares a pupil's performance with a defined learning criterion or skill, such as identifying nouns correctly. The report states how many nouns Meena identified against that standard, not how she compares with classmates. Norm-referenced assessment compares pupils with one another, and ipsative assessment compares present performance with the pupil's own earlier performance.

Question 28Child Development and Pedagogy

Two children break cups: Rahul breaks fifteen while trying to help his mother, and Sita breaks one while secretly taking sweets. A seven-year-old says Rahul is naughtier because he broke more cups. In Piaget's theory this judgement shows

  1. autonomous morality, because intention is considered
  2. post-conventional morality, because abstract principles are used
  3. conventional morality, because social approval matters
  4. heteronomous morality, because consequences are counted Correct answer.

Explanation

Heteronomous morality, or moral realism, leads young children to judge an act by its visible consequences rather than by the actor's intention. The seven-year-old counts the broken cups and ignores Rahul's helpful motive. Autonomous morality, which weighs intention, develops later, and conventional and post-conventional stages belong to Kohlberg's framework.

Question 29Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil who has practised Hindi word order writes English sentences with Hindi-like word order. This is best explained as

  1. vertical transfer
  2. positive transfer
  3. negative transfer Correct answer.
  4. retroactive inhibition

Explanation

Negative transfer occurs when prior learning interferes with the learning or performance of a new task, as when Hindi word order disrupts English sentence construction. Positive transfer occurs when earlier learning helps new learning. Vertical transfer refers to moving to higher-level skills, and retroactive inhibition is interference of new learning with the recall of older material.

Question 30Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil's mother loses her job, and the resulting financial strain and longer working hours change the family's daily routines and the child's after-school care. In Bronfenbrenner's model, the mother's workplace is part of the

  1. mesosystem
  2. microsystem
  3. macrosystem
  4. exosystem Correct answer.

Explanation

The exosystem consists of settings that do not directly contain the child but affect the child indirectly through their impact on parents and family life, such as a parent's workplace. The microsystem contains settings in which the child participates directly, and the mesosystem refers to links among those microsystems. The macrosystem consists of broader cultural and ideological patterns.

Question 31Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class III pupil can arrange ten sticks from shortest to longest and can sort a mixed set of buttons into groups by size and colour. In Piaget's theory, these abilities indicate that the pupil is in the...

  1. sensorimotor stage, marked by reflex action
  2. concrete operational stage Correct answer.
  3. formal operational stage, marked by abstract reasoning
  4. preoperational stage, marked by symbolic play

Explanation

Seriation and classification of tangible objects are hallmarks of the concrete operational stage, which typically begins around age seven. Preoperational children are still developing conservation and often focus on one perceptual feature, while formal operations involve abstract hypothetical reasoning.

Question 32Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher gives a Class VI pupil a problem that the pupil cannot solve alone but can solve with a few leading questions and a worked example. This problem is best described as lying within the pupil's...

  1. zone of proximal development Correct answer.
  2. Pavlov's unconditioned response in classical conditioning
  3. sensorimotor stage of infant sensory learning
  4. Thorndike's law of effect based on consequences

Explanation

Vygotsky's zone of proximal development is the gap between what a learner can do independently and what she can do with guidance from a more capable person. The task is too hard to solve alone but achievable with support, which is the defining feature of the ZPD.

Question 33Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil quickly completes jigsaw puzzles, reads a map of the school accurately and gives clear directions to a visitor. According to Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, this pupil shows a strong...

  1. linguistic intelligence, shown in essay writing
  2. interpersonal intelligence, shown in group leadership
  3. musical intelligence, shown in rhythm tasks
  4. spatial intelligence Correct answer.

Explanation

Spatial intelligence involves perceiving and mentally manipulating visual and spatial information, such as puzzles, maps and direction sense. Linguistic, interpersonal and musical intelligences refer to language, social understanding and rhythm respectively.

Question 34Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class V pupil refuses to attempt new mathematics puzzles because she fears she will fail in front of her classmates and be seen as 'dumb'. In Erikson's psychosocial theory, this behaviour most directly signals difficulty in resolving...

  1. trust versus mistrust
  2. autonomy versus shame and doubt
  3. industry versus inferiority Correct answer.
  4. initiative versus guilt

Explanation

Erikson's industry versus inferiority stage covers the primary-school years, when children seek competence through work and peer recognition. Repeated fear of failure and feeling inadequate suggest that this crisis is not being resolved favourably.

Question 35Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil returns a lost wallet because she believes that honesty is a principle that should apply to everyone, even when no reward or punishment is involved. In Kohlberg's theory, this reasoning reflects...

  1. good boy-nice girl orientation
  2. universal ethical principles Correct answer.
  3. instrumental relativist orientation
  4. obedience and punishment orientation

Explanation

Stage six reasoning appeals to self-chosen universal principles such as justice and honesty, evaluated independently of rules, rewards or approval. Preconventional stages focus on punishment, rewards and exchange, while stage three focuses on social approval.

Question 36Child Development and Pedagogy

A Class IV pupil has age-appropriate oral language and general ability but reads very slowly, confuses similar letters and has persistent difficulty decoding words despite regular instruction. This pattern is most characteristic of...

  1. dysgraphia
  2. dyscalculia
  3. dyslexia Correct answer.
  4. intellectual disability

Explanation

Dyslexia is a specific learning disability affecting accurate and fluent word reading and spelling, despite adequate intelligence and instruction. Dyscalculia concerns number and calculation, while dysgraphia concerns handwriting and written expression.

Question 37Child Development and Pedagogy

A teacher keeps samples of each pupil's drafts, revised writing and final pieces across a term and uses them to judge progress and plan feedback. This approach is best described as...

  1. summative assessment
  2. diagnostic assessment
  3. portfolio assessment Correct answer.
  4. norm-referenced testing

Explanation

Portfolio assessment uses a purposeful collection of a learner's work over time to document progress, effort and achievement. It is used formatively for feedback as well as for reporting, and it differs from one-shot norm-referenced or summative tests.

Question 38Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil adapts to a new school by changing her study routine, and when the noise level continues, she arranges to study in a quieter corner and asks a peer to test her. In Sternberg's triarchic theory, this behaviour mainly shows...

  1. practical intelligence Correct answer.
  2. analytical intelligence
  3. linguistic intelligence, shown in verbal reasoning
  4. creative intelligence, shown in novel problem finding

Explanation

Practical intelligence is the ability to adapt to, shape and select real-world environments to meet goals. Analytical intelligence is used in evaluating and comparing information, while creative intelligence is used in producing novel ideas.

Question 39Child Development and Pedagogy

A young child says that if she tells a lie, a thunderstorm will come and punish her. In Piaget's account of moral development, this belief illustrates...

  1. conservation of quantity
  2. immanent justice Correct answer.
  3. moral relativism
  4. reversibility of thought

Explanation

Immanent justice is the young child's belief that punishment automatically follows a misdeed, even through natural events. It is characteristic of heteronomous morality, in which rules are seen as fixed and authority-linked.

Question 40Child Development and Pedagogy

A pupil obtains the 85th percentile on a norm-referenced mathematics test. Which interpretation is correct?

  1. She is 85% ready for the next grade level.
  2. She answered 85% of the test items correctly.
  3. She scored at or above 85% of the norm group. Correct answer.
  4. She improved her score by 85% since the previous test.

Explanation

A percentile rank shows the percentage of the norm group scoring at or below that pupil's score; the 85th percentile means she performed as well as or better than 85 per cent of the comparison group. It does not state the percentage of items answered correctly or a percentage improvement.

Question 41Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

'రామాలయం' అనే పదంలో ఏ సంధి కనిపిస్తుంది?

  1. గుణ సంధి
  2. సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి Correct answer.
  3. వృద్ధి సంధి
  4. యణాదేశ సంధి

Explanation

సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి నియమం ప్రకారం అకారం తర్వాత అకారం వచ్చినప్పుడు రెండూ కలిసి దీర్ఘాకారం అవుతాయి. 'రామ' + 'ఆలయం' = 'రామాలయం' అనే పదంలో ఈ సంధి స్పష్టంగా కనిపిస్తుంది. కాబట్టి ఇది సవర్ణదీర్ఘ సంధి.

Question 42Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

'తల్లిదండ్రులు' అనే పదం ఏ సమాసానికి చెందుతుంది?

  1. తత్పురుష సమాసం
  2. బహువ్రీహి సమాసం
  3. ద్వంద్వ సమాసం Correct answer.
  4. కర్మధారయ సమాసం

Explanation

రెండు పదాలకూ సమాన ప్రాధాన్యం ఉండి, 'మరియు' అనే అర్థాన్ని ఇచ్చే సమాసాన్ని ద్వంద్వ సమాసం అంటారు. 'తల్లి + దండ్రి = తల్లిదండ్రులు' అనే పదంలో తల్లి, దండ్రి ఇద్దరూ సమాన ప్రాధాన్యం కలిగి ఉన్నారు. కాబట్టి ఇది ద్వంద్వ సమాసం.

Question 43Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

ఛందస్సులో ఒక గురువుకు ఎన్ని మాత్రలు లెక్కిస్తారు?

  1. రెండు మాత్రలు Correct answer.
  2. మూడు మాత్రలు
  3. నాలుగు మాత్రలు
  4. ఒక మాత్ర

Explanation

ఛందస్సులో గురువు అనేది రెండు మాత్రల కాలం పట్టే అక్షరం. దీర్ఘాక్షరం, అనుస్వారం, విసర్గతో కూడిన అక్షరం గురువు అవుతుంది. అందువల్ల ప్రతి గురువుకు రెండు మాత్రలు లెక్కిస్తారు.

Question 44Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

'ఆమె ముఖం చంద్రుడు వంటిది' అనే వాక్యంలో ఏ అలంకారం ఉంది?

  1. రూపకాలంకారం
  2. ఉపమాలంకారం Correct answer.
  3. అతిశయోక్తి అలంకారం
  4. శ్లేషాలంకారం

Explanation

ఉపమాలంకారంలో ఒక వస్తువును మరొక వస్తువుతో 'వంటి', 'లాంటి' వంటి ఉపమావాచకాల ద్వారా పోలుస్తారు. 'ఆమె ముఖం చంద్రుడు వంటిది' అనే వాక్యంలో ముఖాన్ని చంద్రుడితో పోల్చడం జరిగింది. కాబట్టి ఇది ఉపమాలంకారం.

Question 45Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

కింది వాటిలో సకర్మక క్రియ ఏది?

  1. నడువు
  2. నిద్రించు
  3. తిను Correct answer.
  4. పరుగెత్తు

Explanation

సకర్మక క్రియకు కర్మ ఉంటుంది; అంటే చర్య ఎవరిపై లేదా దేనిపై జరుగుతుందో తెలుపుతుంది. 'తిను' అనే క్రియకు 'అన్నం తిను' అని కర్మను చేర్చవచ్చు. మిగిలిన క్రియలకు ఇలా కర్మను చేర్చలేము.

Question 46Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

భాషా బోధనలో విద్యార్థుల సంభాషణా నైపుణ్యాన్ని పెంచడానికి ఉత్తమ కార్యకలాపం ఏది?

  1. పద్యాలను బట్టీ పట్టడం
  2. పాఠ్యపుస్తకం చదవడం
  3. వ్యాకరణ సూత్రాలు రాయడం
  4. సంభాషణలు నిర్వహించడం Correct answer.

Explanation

భాషా బోధనలో సంభాషణలు నిర్వహించడం ద్వారా విద్యార్థులకు శ్రవణం, మాట్లాడడం నైపుణ్యాలు మెరుగుపడతాయి. ఇది సహజ భాషా వాతావరణాన్ని కల్పించి భావ ప్రకటనను సులభతరం చేస్తుంది. కాబట్టి తరగతిలో సంభాషణలు ప్రధాన కార్యకలాపం.

Question 47Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

కింది వాటిలో తద్భవ పదం ఏది?

  1. సూర్యుడు
  2. భూమి
  3. ధర్మం
  4. దమ్మం Correct answer.

Explanation

తద్భవ పదాలు సంస్కృత మూల పదాల నుండి రూపాంతరం చెంది తెలుగులో వాడుకలోకి వచ్చినవి. 'ధర్మం' అనే సంస్కృత పదం నుండి 'దమ్మం' అనే తద్భవ రూపం ఏర్పడింది. మిగిలిన పదాలు సంస్కృతంలో యథాతథంగా ఉన్న తత్సమాలు.

Question 48Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

'రాముడు పాఠశాలకు వెళ్ళాడు' అనే వాక్యంలో 'పాఠశాలకు' ఏ విభక్తికి చెందుతుంది?

  1. పంచమీ విభక్తి
  2. చతుర్థీ విభక్తి Correct answer.
  3. ద్వితీయా విభక్తి
  4. తృతీయా విభక్తి

Explanation

విభక్తి ప్రత్యయాలు కారక సంబంధాలను తెలుపుతాయి. 'కు', 'కి' అనే ప్రత్యయాలు చతుర్థీ విభక్తికి చెందుతాయి. 'పాఠశాలకు' అనే పదంలో 'కు' ప్రత్యయం ఉన్నందున ఇది చతుర్థీ విభక్తి.

Question 49Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

'తల్లి శిశువుకు పాలు ఇచ్చింది' అనే వాక్యంలో 'శిశువుకు' ఏ కారకాన్ని సూచిస్తుంది?

  1. సంబంధ కారకం
  2. కర్మ కారకం
  3. అపాదాన కారకం
  4. సంప్రదాన కారకం Correct answer.

Explanation

సంప్రదాన కారకం అంటే ఇచ్చే క్రియకు సంబంధించిన వ్యక్తి లేదా వస్తువు. 'ఇచ్చింది' అనే క్రియకు 'శిశువుకు' అనేది ఇవ్వబడిన వ్యక్తిని సూచిస్తుంది. అందువల్ల ఇది సంప్రదాన కారకం.

Question 50Language I (candidate-selected medium: Telugu / Urdu / Hindi / other listed language)

తెలుగులో స్వతంత్రంగా ఏర్పడిన, అచ్చ తెలుగు పదాలను ఏమని పిలుస్తారు?

  1. గ్రామ్యాలు
  2. దేశ్యాలు Correct answer.
  3. తత్సమాలు
  4. తద్భవాలు

Explanation

తెలుగులో స్వతంత్రంగా ఏర్పడిన, సంస్కృతేతర మూలాలున్న పదాలను దేశ్యాలు లేదా అచ్చ తెలుగు పదాలు అంటారు. 'నీరు', 'తల' వంటివి దేశ్య పదాలు. తత్సమాలు సంస్కృతం నుండి యథాతథంగా తీసుకున్నవి కాగా, తద్భవాలు మార్పు చెందినవి.