UP Cooperative Bank key terms

A reasoning topic where you are given two or more statements assumed to be true and must decide which conclusions logically follow from them, using set relationships rather than real-world knowledge.

Reasoning questions that describe family relationships in words or symbols and ask how two people are related, or require you to draw a family tree to identify a person's gender or relationship.

A puzzle type where people or objects are placed in rows, circles or squares based on clues about who sits where, and you must determine the complete arrangement or a specific position.

Questions where words or numbers are written in a coded form according to a rule, and you must either decode a given code back to a word or apply the same rule to a new word.

A format where a question is followed by two statements and you must decide whether the statements, individually or together, provide enough information to answer it, without actually solving the problem.

Reasoning problems using symbols such as >, <, ≥, ≤ and = between elements; you must combine the statements and judge which of the given conclusions is definitely true.

Problems that trace a person's movement through turns and distances in north, south, east and west directions and ask for the final direction, shortest distance, or position relative to the starting point.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of 100; used to compare quantities and to solve problems on increase, decrease, discount and marks, often by converting to fractions or decimals.

Interest calculated only on the original principal for the whole period, using the formula SI = P × R × T / 100, where P is principal, R the annual rate and T the time in years.

Interest calculated on both the principal and the interest already earned, so the amount grows each period; the formula is A = P(1 + R/100)^T when interest is compounded annually.

A ratio compares two quantities of the same kind, and a proportion states that two ratios are equal; these ideas are used to divide amounts and solve partnership and mixture problems.

The sum of a set of values divided by the number of values; useful for finding a missing number, a new average after a change, or comparing groups of different sizes.

Problems about how long people or machines take to finish a task, often solved by treating total work as 1 and adding or subtracting the rates of work done per day.

The relationship distance = speed × time, used for problems on trains, boats and streams, and relative speed when two objects move towards or away from each other.

Questions on cost price, selling price, profit or loss amount, and profit or loss percentage, including mark-up, discount and successive discounts calculated on the marked price.

A set of questions based on a table, bar chart, pie chart or line graph, where you must read the data accurately and calculate percentages, ratios, averages or differences.

A bank owned and run by its members on cooperative principles, where each member usually has one vote; examples include state cooperative banks, district central cooperative banks and primary credit societies.

The village-level cooperative society that gives short-term crop loans and other credit to farmers; it is the base unit of the short-term cooperative credit structure and is affiliated to a district central cooperative bank.

National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development, established in 1982 as the apex development bank for agriculture, rural credit and rural infrastructure; it supervises cooperative banks and refinances rural lending.

The Reserve Bank of India, the country's central bank set up in 1935, which conducts monetary policy, issues currency, regulates banks and cooperative banks, and manages foreign exchange; its headquarters is in Mumbai.

The interest rate at which the RBI lends short-term funds to banks against government securities; an increase in the repo rate generally makes loans costlier and helps control inflation.

The share of a bank's net demand and time liabilities that it must keep as cash with the RBI; it earns no interest and is used to control liquidity in the banking system.

A non-performing asset: a loan or advance where interest or principal has remained overdue for more than 90 days; such assets are classified as substandard, doubtful or loss and reduce a bank's profit.

Know Your Customer: the process by which a bank verifies a customer's identity and address using documents such as Aadhaar, PAN or passport before opening an account or allowing certain transactions.

The RBI rule that requires banks to give a minimum share of their loans to specified sectors such as agriculture, small businesses, education, housing and weaker sections; the target varies by bank type.

Protection given to depositors by DICGC, which insures bank deposits up to five lakh rupees per depositor per bank, including cooperative banks, if the bank fails.

The state cooperative bank of Uttar Pradesh, an apex institution that finances and supervises district central cooperative banks and primary societies in the state and provides banking services through its branches.

A small group of poor people, usually women, who save regularly, lend to each other, and later get bank loans as a group; SHGs are a major tool of rural financial inclusion.

A word that has the same or nearly the same meaning as another word; synonym questions test whether you can choose the option closest in meaning in the given context.

A word that means the opposite of another word; antonym questions ask you to pick the option most nearly opposite in meaning to the given word.

A passage with some words removed and blanks numbered; you choose the option that fits each blank grammatically and makes sense in the overall context of the passage.

A passage followed by questions on its main idea, details, inferences, tone and vocabulary; the answers must be based on what the passage says, not on outside knowledge.

A set of sentences given in random order that you must rearrange into a coherent paragraph by finding the opening sentence and using logical links, pronouns and connecting words.

The software that manages a computer's hardware and provides services to applications, such as Windows, Linux or Android; it controls memory, files, processes and devices.

Random Access Memory, the computer's temporary working memory where programs and data are kept while in use; its contents are lost when the power is switched off.

Uniform Resource Locator, the address typed in a browser to reach a web page, such as https://example.com/page; it specifies the protocol, domain name and path.

Hardware or software that monitors and filters incoming and outgoing network traffic using security rules, helping block unauthorised access to a computer or network.

A fraud in which attackers send fake emails, messages or websites that look genuine to trick people into revealing passwords, card numbers or other sensitive information.