I85PREP
⌘ K
UPSESSB TGT/PGT study materials
UPSESSB TGT/PGT study resources

UPSESSB TGT/PGT practice questions

One question at a time. Build your UPSESSB TGT/PGT understanding.

First 50 of 200 questions. Each one lists the choices, the correct answer, and an explanation. The checker at the top of this page saves progress in this browser when it is available.

Continue in the practice tool above to load more questions, 50 at a time.

Question 1Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In the context of the UPSESSB TGT/PGT subject-knowledge paper, which teaching subject is primarily concerned with the systematic study of matter, energy and their interactions as described in the secondary science curriculum?

  1. Geography
  2. History
  3. Civics
  4. Physics Correct answer.

Explanation

Physics is the branch of science that studies matter, energy, motion and force, and their mutual interactions. In the secondary science curriculum it is taught as a distinct subject alongside chemistry and biology. History, geography and civics belong to the social science stream, not the physical sciences.

Question 2Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Mathematics candidate is asked to identify the property illustrated by the statement 3 × (4 + 5) = (3 × 4) + (3 × 5). Which property of real numbers is being demonstrated?

  1. Commutative property of multiplication
  2. Associative property of addition
  3. Closure property of addition
  4. Distributive property of multiplication over addition Correct answer.

Explanation

The distributive property states that multiplying a number by a sum gives the same result as multiplying the number by each addend and then adding the products. The given equation exactly matches a × (b + c) = (a × b) + (a × c). The commutative and associative properties concern order and grouping, not distribution over addition.

Question 3Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In English language teaching, a TGT candidate must recognise the underlined clause in the sentence: 'The book that she recommended was extremely useful.' What type of clause is 'that she recommended'?

  1. Main independent clause
  2. Adverb clause of reason
  3. Adjective (relative) clause modifying 'book' Correct answer.
  4. Noun clause functioning as subject

Explanation

A relative or adjective clause begins with a relative pronoun such as 'that' and modifies a preceding noun, here 'book'. It describes which book is meant and cannot stand alone as a sentence. Adverb clauses modify verbs or whole clauses, and noun clauses function as subjects or objects, neither of which fits here.

Question 4Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Biology candidate is asked which cell organelle is described as the 'suicidal bag' of the cell because it contains hydrolytic enzymes capable of digesting cellular material. Which organelle is meant?

  1. Ribosome
  2. Golgi apparatus
  3. Lysosome Correct answer.
  4. Mitochondrion

Explanation

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles containing hydrolytic enzymes that digest worn-out organelles and foreign material. When the membrane ruptures, these enzymes can digest the cell itself, which is why they are called suicidal bags. Ribosomes synthesise proteins, Golgi bodies modify and package proteins, and mitochondria generate ATP.

Question 5Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Geography class the teacher explains that the imaginary line passing through the centre of the earth and joining the north and south poles, about which the earth rotates, is called the:

  1. Meridian
  2. Orbit
  3. Axis Correct answer.
  4. Equator

Explanation

The axis is the imaginary straight line through the earth's centre joining the poles, and the earth rotates about it. The tilt of this axis, about 23.5 degrees, causes the seasons. The equator is a circle around the middle of the earth, an orbit is the path of revolution, and a meridian is a line of longitude.

Question 6Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Chemistry candidate must classify the reaction Zn + CuSO₄ → ZnSO₄ + Cu. Which type of reaction is this?

  1. Neutralisation reaction
  2. Double displacement reaction
  3. Decomposition reaction
  4. Single displacement reaction Correct answer.

Explanation

In this reaction a more reactive metal, zinc, displaces a less reactive metal, copper, from its salt solution. This is the defining feature of a single displacement or substitution reaction. Double displacement involves exchange of ions between two compounds, decomposition involves breakdown of one compound, and neutralisation involves acid and base.

Question 7Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In Hindi grammar, as tested in the TGT/PGT paper, the word 'सुंदर' in the phrase 'सुंदर लड़का' belongs to which part of speech?

  1. क्रिया (verb)
  2. संज्ञा (noun)
  3. विशेषण (adjective) Correct answer.
  4. सर्वनाम (pronoun)

Explanation

विशेषण वह शब्द है जो संज्ञा या सर्वनाम की विशेषता बताता है। 'सुंदर' शब्द 'लड़का' संज्ञा की विशेषता बता रहा है, अतः यह विशेषण है। संज्ञा किसी व्यक्ति, वस्तु या स्थान का नाम होती है, क्रिया कार्य बताती है और सर्वनाम संज्ञा के बदले आता है।

Question 8Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is told that a body moves with uniform velocity. Which statement about the forces acting on the body must be true?

  1. The body is necessarily at rest
  2. The net force acting on the body is zero Correct answer.
  3. The net force increases with time
  4. A constant non-zero net force acts on the body

Explanation

Uniform velocity means both speed and direction are constant, so acceleration is zero. According to Newton's second law, zero acceleration requires zero net force. A non-zero net force would produce acceleration and hence changing velocity, and uniform velocity does not require the body to be at rest.

Question 9Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT English candidate must identify the figure of speech in the line 'The wind whispered through the trees.' Which figure of speech is used?

  1. Simile
  2. Onomatopoeia
  3. Hyperbole
  4. Personification Correct answer.

Explanation

Personification gives human qualities to non-human things; here the wind is said to 'whisper', which is a human action. A simile compares using 'like' or 'as', hyperbole is deliberate exaggeration, and onomatopoeia uses words imitating sounds. The line attributes a human verb to the wind, so personification is the correct identification.

Question 10Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Mathematics class, a candidate is asked for the value of the discriminant of the quadratic equation 2x² − 4x + 3 = 0. What is its value?

  1. −40
  2. 40
  3. 8
  4. −8 Correct answer.

Explanation

For ax² + bx + c = 0, the discriminant is b² − 4ac. Here a = 2, b = −4 and c = 3, so the discriminant is (−4)² − 4(2)(3) = 16 − 24 = −8. A negative discriminant indicates that the equation has no real roots.

Question 11Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Chemistry candidate is asked about the hybridisation of the carbon atom in a molecule of ethyne (C₂H₂). Which hybridisation is present?

  1. sp³d
  2. sp²
  3. sp³
  4. sp Correct answer.

Explanation

Each carbon in ethyne forms two sigma bonds, one to hydrogen and one to the other carbon, and two pi bonds. Two sigma bonds require two hybrid orbitals, which corresponds to sp hybridisation. This leaves two unhybridised p orbitals on each carbon for the triple bond.

Question 12Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT History candidate must identify the correct chronological order of the following events in the Indian national movement. Which sequence is correct?

  1. Jallianwala Bagh massacre → Non-Cooperation Movement → Dandi March → Quit India Movement Correct answer.
  2. Quit India Movement → Dandi March → Non-Cooperation Movement → Jallianwala Bagh massacre
  3. Non-Cooperation Movement → Jallianwala Bagh massacre → Quit India Movement → Dandi March
  4. Dandi March → Jallianwala Bagh massacre → Non-Cooperation Movement → Quit India Movement

Explanation

The Jallianwala Bagh massacre occurred in 1919, the Non-Cooperation Movement was launched in 1920, the Dandi March took place in 1930, and the Quit India Movement began in 1942. Arranging these dates in ascending order gives the sequence in the first option. The other options place later events before earlier ones.

Question 13Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Biology class, a candidate is asked which blood group is called the universal donor because its red cells lack both A and B antigens. Which blood group is it?

  1. O negative Correct answer.
  2. AB positive
  3. B negative
  4. A positive

Explanation

O negative red cells carry neither A nor B antigens nor the Rh D antigen, so they can be transfused to recipients of any ABO and Rh type, making O negative the universal donor. AB positive is the universal recipient because it has all antigens and no antibodies against them.

Question 14Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is asked about the work done by a force when a body moves in a circle with constant speed. Which statement is correct?

  1. The work done equals the change in kinetic energy, which is large
  2. The work done is negative and equal to the weight of the body
  3. The centripetal force does maximum positive work because it points towards the centre
  4. The centripetal force does no work because it is always perpendicular to the displacement Correct answer.

Explanation

Work is the dot product of force and displacement. The centripetal force always acts along the radius, while instantaneous displacement is tangential, so the angle between them is 90 degrees and cos 90° is zero. Hence the centripetal force does no work, which is consistent with the constant kinetic energy of the body.

Question 15Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT English candidate must choose the option that correctly changes the sentence 'She wrote a letter' into the passive voice. Which option is correct?

  1. A letter was written by her Correct answer.
  2. A letter is written by her
  3. A letter has written by her
  4. A letter was wrote by her

Explanation

The simple past active 'wrote' becomes 'was written' in the passive, and the object 'a letter' becomes the subject. The agent is introduced with 'by' and the pronoun changes to its object form 'her'. The other options use the wrong tense or an incorrect past participle.

Question 16Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Geography class, a candidate is asked which type of rainfall occurs when moist air is forced to rise over a mountain barrier, cooling and condensing on the windward slope. Which type is this?

  1. Frontal rainfall
  2. Cyclonic rainfall
  3. Orographic rainfall Correct answer.
  4. Convectional rainfall

Explanation

Orographic or relief rainfall occurs when moist air is forced upward by a mountain range, cooling and condensing to give rain on the windward side while the leeward side remains dry as a rain shadow. Convectional rainfall results from intense heating, while cyclonic and frontal rainfall arise from the meeting of air masses.

Question 17Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Mathematics candidate is asked for the value of the sum of the first 20 terms of the arithmetic progression 3, 7, 11, 15, ... Which value is correct?

  1. 820 Correct answer.
  2. 800
  3. 780
  4. 840

Explanation

For an AP, the sum of n terms is (n/2)[2a + (n − 1)d]. Here a = 3, d = 4 and n = 20, so the sum is (20/2)[6 + 19 × 4] = 10 × 82 = 820. The other options result from arithmetic slips in applying the formula.

Question 18Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Chemistry candidate is asked which of the following oxides is amphoteric, reacting with both acids and bases. Which oxide is amphoteric?

  1. SO₂
  2. MgO
  3. Na₂O
  4. Al₂O₃ Correct answer.

Explanation

Aluminium oxide reacts with acids to form aluminium salts and with alkalis to form aluminates, so it is amphoteric. Sodium oxide and magnesium oxide are basic oxides, while sulphur dioxide is an acidic oxide. Amphoterism is typical of oxides of elements such as aluminium and zinc.

Question 19Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Biology class, the teacher asks which process in plants is responsible for the loss of water vapour through stomata and helps in the ascent of sap. Which process is it?

  1. Respiration
  2. Transpiration Correct answer.
  3. Guttation
  4. Photosynthesis

Explanation

Transpiration is the loss of water in vapour form mainly through stomata, and it creates the transpiration pull that helps water move upward in the xylem. Respiration releases energy, photosynthesis makes food, and guttation is loss of liquid water from hydathodes.

Question 20Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is asked what happens to the resistance of a metallic conductor when its temperature is increased, assuming the material remains the same. Which statement is correct?

  1. Resistance remains exactly constant
  2. Resistance becomes zero above a certain temperature
  3. Resistance increases because lattice vibrations increase Correct answer.
  4. Resistance decreases because electrons move faster

Explanation

In metals, increasing temperature increases the amplitude of lattice vibrations, which causes more frequent collisions of conduction electrons and raises resistivity. Hence resistance increases with temperature for metallic conductors. The decrease of resistance with temperature is characteristic of semiconductors, not metals.

Question 21Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Hindi candidate must identify the correct meaning of the idiom 'अंधे की लाठी' as used in standard Hindi. Which meaning is correct?

  1. निरर्थक वस्तु
  2. अत्यंत क्रोधित व्यक्ति
  3. एकमात्र सहारा Correct answer.
  4. बहुत धनवान व्यक्ति

Explanation

'अंधे की लाठी' मुहावरे का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा या आधार, क्योंकि दृष्टिहीन व्यक्ति के लिए लाठी ही उसका सहारा होती है। मुहावरे का अर्थ शब्दों के शाब्दिक अर्थ से भिन्न होता है और यहाँ सहारे का भाव प्रमुख है। शेष विकल्प इस मुहावरे के अर्थ से मेल नहीं खाते।

Question 22Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Biology candidate is asked about the inheritance pattern in which a single gene has multiple phenotypic effects in an organism. What is this phenomenon called?

  1. Codominance
  2. Incomplete dominance
  3. Pleiotropy Correct answer.
  4. Epistasis

Explanation

Pleiotropy occurs when one gene influences several apparently unrelated phenotypic traits, as in sickle-cell disease affecting many organs. Codominance and incomplete dominance describe how two alleles of one gene interact in a heterozygote, while epistasis is interaction between different genes.

Question 23Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Mathematics candidate must determine how many distinct arrangements can be made of the letters of the word 'LEVEL'. Which count is correct?

  1. 20
  2. 30 Correct answer.
  3. 120
  4. 60

Explanation

The word LEVEL has five letters with L repeated twice and E repeated twice. The number of distinct permutations is 5! divided by (2! × 2!), that is 120 divided by 4, which equals 30. Dividing by the factorials of repeated letters removes arrangements that look identical.

Question 24Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Chemistry candidate is asked which of the following sets of quantum numbers is not permitted for an electron in an atom, applying the standard rules. Which set is forbidden?

  1. n = 3, l = 2, m = −2, s = −1/2
  2. n = 2, l = 2, m = 0, s = +1/2 Correct answer.
  3. n = 1, l = 0, m = 0, s = −1/2
  4. n = 2, l = 1, m = 0, s = +1/2

Explanation

The azimuthal quantum number l can take values from 0 to n − 1. For n = 2, the permitted values of l are only 0 and 1, so l = 2 is not allowed. The other sets satisfy the rules that l is less than n and m lies between −l and +l.

Question 25Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Geography candidate is asked why the southwestern monsoon brings heavy rain to the windward Western Ghats while the Deccan plateau interior remains relatively dry. Which explanation is most accurate?

  1. The plateau is too close to the sea to receive monsoon rain
  2. The monsoon winds reverse direction before reaching the plateau
  3. The plateau lies in the rain shadow because the Western Ghats force the moist winds to rise and shed rain on the windward slope Correct answer.
  4. The plateau has no mountains at all, so condensation cannot occur

Explanation

The moist south-westerly monsoon winds strike the Western Ghats, are forced to rise, cool and condense, giving heavy orographic rain on the windward western slope. As the air descends on the eastern leeward side it warms and dries, creating a rain shadow over the interior plateau. This relief effect explains the marked rainfall difference.

Question 26Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT English candidate is asked to identify the mood of the verb in the sentence 'If I were the principal, I would change the timetable.' Which mood is used here?

  1. Indicative mood
  2. Imperative mood
  3. Infinitive mood
  4. Subjunctive mood Correct answer.

Explanation

The subjunctive mood expresses a hypothetical or contrary-to-fact condition, and English marks it with 'were' for all persons in such clauses. The clause 'If I were the principal' is a wish or unreal condition, so the subjunctive is used. Indicative states facts, imperative gives commands, and infinitive is a verb form rather than a finite mood.

Question 27Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Mathematics class, a candidate must find the value of the expression sin 30° · cos 60° + cos 30° · sin 60°. Which value is obtained?

  1. 0
  2. √3/2
  3. 1/2
  4. 1 Correct answer.

Explanation

The expression matches the compound-angle identity sin(A + B) = sin A cos B + cos A sin B with A = 30° and B = 60°. Hence it equals sin 90°, which is 1. Direct substitution also gives (1/2)(1/2) + (√3/2)(√3/2) = 1/4 + 3/4 = 1.

Question 28Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Biology candidate is asked which cell organelle is described as the 'suicidal bag' of the cell because it contains hydrolytic enzymes. Which organelle is meant?

  1. Lysosome Correct answer.
  2. Peroxisome
  3. Ribosome
  4. Golgi apparatus

Explanation

Lysosomes are membrane-bound vesicles containing acid hydrolases that can digest cellular material; if the membrane ruptures, the enzymes digest the cell itself, giving the 'suicidal bag' name. Ribosomes build proteins, the Golgi apparatus modifies and packages them, and peroxisomes handle oxidative reactions.

Question 29Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is told that a convex lens of focal length 20 cm forms a real image at a distance of 60 cm from the lens. At what distance from the lens is the object placed?

  1. 30 cm Correct answer.
  2. 40 cm
  3. 60 cm
  4. 15 cm

Explanation

For a thin lens, 1/f = 1/v − 1/u with the sign convention in which a real image on the far side gives v = +60 cm and f = +20 cm. Thus 1/u = 1/v − 1/f = 1/60 − 1/20 = −1/30, so u = −30 cm, meaning the object is 30 cm in front of the lens.

Question 30Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Geography class, a candidate is asked to name the layer of the atmosphere in which the ozone layer is concentrated and in which temperature rises with altitude. Which layer is it?

  1. Stratosphere Correct answer.
  2. Thermosphere
  3. Mesosphere
  4. Troposphere

Explanation

The ozone layer lies mainly in the stratosphere, where absorption of ultraviolet radiation by ozone causes temperature to increase with height. This temperature inversion also stabilises the layer and limits vertical mixing. The troposphere cools with height, the mesosphere cools strongly, and the thermosphere is heated by absorption of very short-wave radiation.

Question 31Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Hindi candidate must identify the 'संधि' (sandhi) type in the word 'सूर्योदय'. Which sandhi is it?

  1. स्वर संधि Correct answer.
  2. विसर्ग संधि
  3. व्यंजन संधि
  4. अयोगवाह संधि

Explanation

सूर्योदय is formed from सूर्य + उदय, where the final 'अ' of सूर्य combines with the initial 'उ' of उदय to give 'ओ'. A junction of two vowels is स्वर संधि (here a गुण संधि), so the correct class is स्वर संधि.

Question 32Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Chemistry candidate is asked to identify the product formed when ethanol is heated with concentrated sulphuric acid at about 170 °C. Which compound is the major product?

  1. Ethene Correct answer.
  2. Ethanoic acid
  3. Diethyl ether
  4. Ethanal

Explanation

At around 170 °C, concentrated sulphuric acid dehydrates ethanol by removing water, giving ethene as the major product. At a lower temperature near 140 °C, the same reagents give diethyl ether instead, so temperature controls the pathway. Ethanal and ethanoic acid require oxidation, not acid-catalysed dehydration.

Question 33Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT History class, a candidate is asked about the Poona Pact of 1932. Which statement correctly describes its main provision?

  1. It created a federal structure with provinces enjoying complete autonomy.
  2. It granted separate electorates to the Depressed Classes in provincial legislatures.
  3. It replaced separate electorates for the Depressed Classes with reserved seats in joint electorates. Correct answer.
  4. It abolished the system of reserved seats for all minority communities.

Explanation

The Poona Pact, signed by Gandhi and Ambedkar in 1932 after Gandhi's fast, replaced the separate electorates that the Communal Award had granted to the Depressed Classes with reserved seats within a joint electorate. It also increased the number of reserved seats in provincial legislatures. The other options describe the Communal Award itself or unrelated constitutional matters.

Question 34Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Mathematics candidate must find the value of the integral of 1/(1 + x²) dx from 0 to 1. Which value results?

  1. π
  2. 1
  3. π/2
  4. π/4 Correct answer.

Explanation

The antiderivative of 1/(1 + x²) is arctan x, so the definite integral equals arctan 1 − arctan 0. Since arctan 1 = π/4 and arctan 0 = 0, the value is π/4.

Question 35Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT English candidate is asked which option correctly combines 'He finished his homework. He went out to play.' into one sentence using a participle. Which option is correct?

  1. Finishing his homework, he went out to play. Correct answer.
  2. After he finishing his homework he went out to play.
  3. Finished his homework, he went out to play.
  4. He finished his homework, went out to play.

Explanation

A present participle clause ('Finishing his homework') can replace the first of two actions by the same subject, and its subject must match the main clause subject 'he'. The participle 'finishing' is active and present, correctly showing that he himself did the finishing. The other options misuse the past participle, omit a conjunction, or use a malformed verb form.

Question 36Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Biology candidate is asked which plant hormone is chiefly responsible for promoting cell elongation and is used commercially to induce parthenocarpic fruit development. Which hormone is it?

  1. Auxin Correct answer.
  2. Abscisic acid
  3. Cytokinin
  4. Ethylene

Explanation

Auxins promote cell elongation by loosening the cell wall and, when applied to unpollinated flowers, can induce fruit development without fertilisation (parthenocarpy). Abscisic acid is growth-inhibitory and closes stomata, cytokinins promote cell division, and ethylene ripens fruit and promotes abscission.

Question 37Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a PGT Physics class, a candidate is asked about a body executing simple harmonic motion with amplitude A. At what displacement from the mean position is the kinetic energy equal to the potential energy?

  1. A
  2. A/√2 Correct answer.
  3. A/4
  4. A/2

Explanation

For SHM, total energy E = ½kA², potential energy is ½kx², and kinetic energy is ½k(A² − x²). Setting kinetic equal to potential gives A² − x² = x², so x² = A²/2 and x = A/√2. At this point each form of energy is half of the total.

Question 38Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Chemistry candidate is asked which of the following aqueous solutions will have the lowest pH at the same concentration. Which solution is it?

  1. Ammonium chloride Correct answer.
  2. Sodium chloride
  3. Sodium carbonate
  4. Sodium acetate

Explanation

Ammonium chloride is a salt of a weak base and a strong acid, so its cation hydrolyses to release H⁺ and the solution is acidic, giving the lowest pH among these. Sodium chloride is neutral, while sodium acetate and sodium carbonate are salts of weak acids and hydrolyse to give basic solutions.

Question 39Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Geography class, a candidate is asked which soil type is best suited to cotton cultivation and is formed from lava-derived material on the Deccan plateau. Which soil is it?

  1. Alluvial soil
  2. Laterite soil
  3. Black soil Correct answer.
  4. Red soil

Explanation

Black soil, also called regur or black cotton soil, forms from the weathering of basaltic lava on the Deccan plateau. It is rich in clay minerals, retains moisture well, and is especially suited to cotton. Alluvial soil is deposited by rivers, laterite forms in hot wet tropical conditions by leaching, and red soil derives its colour from iron oxides.

Question 40Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Chemistry candidate is asked to apply Markovnikov's rule to the addition of HBr to propene. Which product is formed as the major product?

  1. 1-bromopropane
  2. Propan-2-ol
  3. 1,2-dibromopropane
  4. 2-bromopropane Correct answer.

Explanation

Markovnikov's rule states that in the addition of HX to an unsymmetrical alkene, the hydrogen adds to the carbon with more hydrogens, so the halogen ends up on the more substituted carbon. In propene, H adds to C-1 and Br adds to C-2, giving 2-bromopropane as the major product via the more stable secondary carbocation.

Question 41Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT English candidate is asked which option correctly changes 'The teacher is explaining the lesson' into the passive voice. Which option is correct?

  1. The lesson is being explained by the teacher. Correct answer.
  2. The lesson was being explained by the teacher.
  3. The lesson is explained by the teacher.
  4. The lesson has been explained by the teacher.

Explanation

The original is in the present continuous, and the passive of the present continuous is formed with 'is/are being + past participle'. Hence 'The lesson is being explained by the teacher' preserves both the tense and the progressive aspect. The other options shift to the simple present, present perfect, or past continuous.

Question 42Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Mathematics candidate must determine the number of real roots of the equation x³ − 3x + 2 = 0. How many distinct real roots does it have?

  1. One real root, repeated
  2. Two distinct real roots Correct answer.
  3. Three distinct real roots
  4. No real roots

Explanation

Factorising, x³ − 3x + 2 = (x − 1)²(x + 2). The factor (x − 1)² gives a repeated root at x = 1, and (x + 2) gives a root at x = −2, so there are exactly two distinct real roots. The discriminant of the cubic is zero, which signals a repeated root.

Question 43Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Biology class, a candidate is asked which blood vessel carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart. Which vessel is it?

  1. Vena cava
  2. Aorta
  3. Pulmonary artery
  4. Pulmonary vein Correct answer.

Explanation

The pulmonary vein returns oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium, making it the exception to the rule that veins carry deoxygenated blood. The pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs, while the vena cava returns deoxygenated blood from the body and the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart.

Question 44Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is asked to find the equivalent resistance of two resistors of 6 Ω and 3 Ω connected in parallel. What is the equivalent resistance?

  1. 4.5 Ω
  2. 18 Ω
  3. 2 Ω Correct answer.
  4. 9 Ω

Explanation

For parallel resistors, 1/R = 1/6 + 1/3 = 1/6 + 2/6 = 3/6, so R = 2 Ω. The equivalent resistance of a parallel combination is always less than the smallest individual resistance, which confirms the result.

Question 45Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT History class, a candidate is asked which Mughal emperor introduced the 'mansabdari' system as a graded ranking of officials. Which emperor is credited with it?

  1. Babur
  2. Shah Jahan
  3. Aurangzeb
  4. Akbar Correct answer.

Explanation

Akbar organised the mansabdari system, assigning each official a rank (zat and sawar) that determined his position and military obligation. The system became the backbone of Mughal administration and was refined by later emperors. Babur's reign preceded it, while Shah Jahan and Aurangzeb inherited and modified the system rather than founding it.

Question 46Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Hindi candidate must identify the 'रस' (rasa) in the line where a lover eagerly awaits the beloved and feels the pang of separation. Which rasa predominates?

  1. करुण रस
  2. हास्य रस
  3. श्रृंगार रस Correct answer.
  4. वीर रस

Explanation

श्रृंगार रस arises from the mutual attraction between a lover and beloved, and its 'वियोग' (separation) form expresses the longing felt when they are apart. The sthayi bhava is रति (love), which is the defining element of this rasa. वीर रस expresses heroism, करुण रस grief over loss, and हास्य रस laughter.

Question 47Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A TGT Chemistry candidate is asked to identify the number of moles of oxygen atoms present in 2 moles of sulphuric acid, H₂SO₄. How many moles of oxygen atoms are there?

  1. 2
  2. 4
  3. 8 Correct answer.
  4. 6

Explanation

Each molecule of H₂SO₄ contains four oxygen atoms, so one mole of the acid contains four moles of oxygen atoms. Therefore 2 moles of H₂SO₄ contain 2 × 4 = 8 moles of oxygen atoms. Counting total atoms or molar mass instead of oxygen atoms gives the wrong answer.

Question 48Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Biology candidate is asked about the genetic code. Which statement about the genetic code is correct?

  1. It contains no start or stop signals.
  2. It is ambiguous, so one codon can specify different amino acids.
  3. It is degenerate, meaning several codons can specify the same amino acid. Correct answer.
  4. It is overlapping, so each base belongs to more than one codon.

Explanation

The genetic code is degenerate because up to six different codons can code for the same amino acid, though each codon specifies only one amino acid. It is non-overlapping and comma-free, and it includes start (AUG) and stop (UAA, UAG, UGA) signals. These features make translation accurate and unambiguous.

Question 49Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

In a TGT Mathematics class, a candidate is asked for the probability of getting a sum of 9 when two fair dice are rolled. What is the probability?

  1. 1/9 Correct answer.
  2. 5/36
  3. 1/6
  4. 1/12

Explanation

The favourable outcomes for a sum of 9 are (3,6), (4,5), (5,4) and (6,3), giving 4 outcomes out of 36 equally likely outcomes. Thus the probability is 4/36, which simplifies to 1/9.

Question 50Subject Knowledge (concerned teaching subject)

A PGT Physics candidate is asked about the de Broglie wavelength of a particle. If the kinetic energy of the particle is increased to four times its original value, what happens to its de Broglie wavelength?

  1. It becomes four times the original value.
  2. It becomes half the original value. Correct answer.
  3. It becomes twice the original value.
  4. It remains unchanged.

Explanation

The de Broglie wavelength is λ = h/p, and momentum p = √(2mK) for a particle of mass m and kinetic energy K. Since λ is inversely proportional to √K, increasing K fourfold multiplies λ by 1/√4 = 1/2, so the wavelength halves.