Translation (Tarjuma)
What the tarjuma section tests
The translation section tests whether you can carry meaning between Kashmiri and English, Urdu or Hindi without losing grammar or tone. Examiners reward accurate sense, correct tense and agreement, and natural Kashmiri word order. A word-for-word rendering that preserves English order usually reads wrong.
Core rules
- Read the whole sentence first and identify subject, object and verb.
- Rebuild in Kashmiri subject-object-verb order; place the auxiliary correctly.
- Translate meaning, not words. Preserve tense, number, gender and honorific level.
- For idioms, find a Kashmiri equivalent or give the sense; do not translate literally.
- Transliterate proper names; keep familiar technical terms in English if that is the natural usage.
- After drafting, check postpositions, verb agreement and spelling diacritics.
Worked example
English: I go to school every day. Draft: بہ چھس ہر روز سکوٗل گژھان. Reasoning: بہ is I; چھس is the first-person singular auxiliary; سکوٗل is school; گژھان is going; ہر روز is every day. The English order subject-verb-object becomes subject-object-verb. The present auxiliary plus participle gives the habitual present here. Check that the auxiliary agrees with بہ and that the postposition is not copied from English.
Traps
Keeping English word order; translating an idiom literally; shifting tense without reason; ignoring gender agreement; turning Kashmiri postpositions into English prepositions; changing an honorific into a casual pronoun; leaving spelling inconsistent.