UPMSP High School Sindhi flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Waee

A sung Sindhi poetic form used by Shah Abdul Latif in the Risalo, built on a refrain and set to a named sur; the folk heroine's story in the waee carries a Sufi meaning.

Sur in Risalo

One of the thirty musical sections of Shah jo Risalo, each named for a melody and containing verses on a folk romance such as Sassui-Punhun or Momal-Rano.

Karak

Grammatical case in Sindhi. Eight cases are recognised, and each is identified by the question it answers, for example 'kise ne?' marks the instrumental case (karan).

Lekhak parichay

The author-introduction asked in prose answers: full name, region or literary period, and one other well-known work by the same writer.

Bhavarth

Stanza explanation in poetry answers. It proceeds line by line in the poet's order and closes with a short summary of the whole stanza's meaning.

Upma and rupak

Sindhi terms for simile and metaphor. Upma compares using a comparison word; rupak identifies the two things directly without a comparison word.

Anupras

Alliteration: repetition of the same consonant sound at the start of nearby words. It is a named device candidates must identify in prescribed poems.

Atishayokti

Hyperbole in Sindhi poetics: deliberate exaggeration used for emphasis. Named alongside upma, rupak, and yamak in device-identification questions.

Yamak

Repetition of the same word with different meanings in nearby lines. It is a sound-based device distinct from anupras, which repeats sounds, not whole words.

Rasa in Sindhi poetry

The dominant sentiment of a poem. Veer rasa marks valour, shringar rasa marks love and beauty, and naming the rasa is expected in poetry answers.

Sachal Sarmast

Sindhi Sufi poet (1739–1829) who wrote in Sindhi and Persian and is known for mystical verse; his lines are commonly set for explanation with a Sufi reading.

Shah Abdul Latif Bhittai

Sindhi Sufi poet (1689–1752) whose Risalo is organised into thirty surs. He is the central figure of the classical Sindhi literary canon.

Cheti Chand

Sindhi new-year festival celebrated in the month of Chet. It is a standard cultural-appreciation reference in Sindhi literature papers.

Sindhi script

A right-to-left Perso-Arabic alphabet of fifty-two letters. Diacritics distinguish aspirated from unaspirated consonants, which changes word meaning.

Jhoomar and chhej

Two Sindhi folk dance forms. Along with the bhagat and kafee song traditions, they appear in questions on Sindhi performing arts.

Nibandh structure

Sindhi essay layout: a two-to-three-sentence introduction, three body paragraphs each carrying one idea with an example, and a conclusion that adds no new points.

Formal letter order

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, closing, signature. Any reordering costs marks in letter-writing questions.

Darkhwast

A Sindhi application. The purpose goes in the subject line, the request in the first body paragraph, and the letter closes with a polite request.

Anuchhed

A Sindhi paragraph. It keeps one topic per paragraph and links sentences with connectors such as 'parantu' and 'is karan'.

Register in composition

The level of language used. Formal Sindhi writing excludes colloquial words and idioms; mixing registers is the main cause of lost composition marks.

Apathit gadyansh

An unseen Sindhi prose passage set for comprehension. It is read twice: first for general sense, then to locate the sentence answering each question.

Contextual vocabulary

In comprehension, a word's meaning is decided by its surrounding sentence, not by the dictionary's first sense, since the passage fixes the sense.

Title-guessing question

A comprehension item asking for a short phrase covering the whole passage. The answer must reflect all paragraphs, not only the opening one.

Inference answer rule

When a question says the passage suggests something, the answer must cite a stated clue. Personal opinion without textual support is not accepted.

Samanarthak shabd

Synonyms in Sindhi. They are revised in pairs because exam items ask for a single synonym of a given word used in a sentence.

Virudharthak shabd

Antonyms in Sindhi. Like synonyms, they are tested one word at a time inside a sentence, so the sentence context decides the correct opposite.

Muhavara

A Sindhi idiom. It must be used in a sentence to display its meaning; a literal translation of an idiom is always marked wrong.

Samas types

Sindhi compound types including tatpurush, dwandwa, and bahuvrihi. Grammar items ask the candidate to name the type of a given compound.

Ling and vachan

Gender and number in Sindhi. Nouns carry pulling or istri-ling and ek-vachan or bahu-vachan, and the verb must agree with these features.

Transliteration rule

In translation, proper nouns and technical terms are transliterated rather than translated, while abstract words are rendered by the closest Sindhi sense equivalent.

Idiom translation

An idiom is translated by an equivalent Sindhi idiom, never word for word. If no equivalent exists, the sense is given in a short phrase.

Sindhi word order

Sindhi places the verb at the end of the clause, as Hindi does. A translated sentence is read back aloud to check natural order.

Kinship vocabulary

Sindhi kinship terms distinguish maternal from paternal relations, which single Hindi or English words often do not. They are high-frequency translation items.