UPMSP High School Home Science (for Boys) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Definition of family

A group united by marriage, blood, or adoption, living together and interacting in socially approved roles. A household may include unrelated persons, so the two terms are not identical.

Nuclear vs joint family

A nuclear family has two generations, parents and unmarried children, in an independent home. A joint family has three or more generations sharing property, kitchen, and decisions.

Primary functions of family

Reproduction, protection and care of members, economic provision, socialization, and emotional security. Education, recreation, religious, and health functions are regarded as secondary functions.

Energy value of nutrients

Carbohydrate and protein each supply 4 kcal per gram; fat supplies 9 kcal per gram. Vitamins, minerals, and water yield no energy but are needed for regulation and protection.

Balanced diet meaning

A diet supplying energy and all nutrients in correct proportion from cereals, pulses, milk, vegetables and fruits, fats, and limited sugar. Variety across food groups is the practical test.

Kwashiorkor vs marasmus

Kwashiorkor is protein deficiency with oedema, poor growth, and skin and hair changes. Marasmus is severe deficiency of both energy and protein, giving extreme wasting without oedema.

Night blindness cause

Vitamin A deficiency impairs rhodopsin formation in the retina, reducing vision in dim light. Prolonged deficiency can progress to xerophthalmia and corneal damage.

Cereal-pulse complementation

Cereals are limiting in lysine and pulses in methionine. Combining them, as in rice with dal or roti with dal, improves overall protein quality by mutual supplementation.

Pasteurisation purpose

Heating a liquid food to a controlled temperature for a set time kills most pathogenic micro-organisms while preserving quality. Milk is then rapidly cooled and kept refrigerated.

Preventing cross-contamination

Keep raw meat and ready-to-eat foods separate, use different chopping boards and knives, wash hands and surfaces after handling raw food, and store raw food below cooked food.

Oil fire in kitchen

Never pour water on burning oil because it spreads the fire violently. Switch off the heat, cover the pan with a lid or fire blanket, and use a suitable extinguisher.

Nutrient loss in cooking

Wash vegetables whole before cutting, cut into large pieces, cook with little water and a lid, and reuse cooking water. Prolonged high heat destroys vitamin C and B-group vitamins.

Burning test for fibres

Cotton smells of burning paper and leaves grey ash; wool and silk smell of burning hair and leave a crushable bead; polyester melts and forms a hard bead.

Seam allowance meaning

Extra fabric left beyond the stitching line, commonly 1.5 to 2 cm on seams, so the seam can be joined and finished without reducing the garment size.

Straight grain in fabric

The direction parallel to the selvedge, where warp yarns run. Pattern pieces are placed on it to prevent twisting, stretching, and poor garment hang.

Wool washing care

Wash wool in lukewarm water with mild neutral detergent, avoid rubbing, hot water, and strong alkali, rinse gently, and dry flat in shade to prevent felting and stretching.

Management process steps

Planning sets goals and actions, organising arranges resources, controlling checks progress against the plan, and evaluation compares results with goals to improve the next plan.

Work simplification meaning

Achieving the same result with less time, energy, and fatigue by eliminating unnecessary steps, combining tasks, improving the work area, and simplifying the task itself.

Fixed vs flexible expenses

Fixed expenses are regular and unavoidable, such as rent and school fees. Flexible expenses vary with choice and use, such as food, clothing, and recreation, and can be adjusted.

Kitchen work triangle

The path linking sink, cooking stove, and storage or refrigerator. Keeping the triangle compact reduces walking and fatigue during meal preparation.

Principles of design

Balance, rhythm, emphasis, proportion, and harmony. They guide arrangement of colour, line, form, and texture so a room or garment looks unified and pleasing.

Colour scheme types

Monochromatic uses one hue in tints and shades; analogous uses neighbouring hues; complementary uses opposite hues. Light colours make small rooms appear larger and more open.

Cross ventilation meaning

Air enters through openings on one side of a room and leaves through openings on the opposite side, giving continuous air movement and better cooling and air quality.

Cephalocaudal development

Development proceeds from head to foot: head control appears before sitting, and sitting before walking. Proximodistal means control moves from the body centre outward to the limbs.

Pincer grasp milestone

Around 9 to 12 months the infant picks up small objects using thumb and forefinger instead of the whole palm. This fine motor skill supports self-feeding.

Types of play in children

Solitary play in infancy, parallel play in toddlers who play side by side, and associative or cooperative play in preschoolers. Play builds muscles, language, imagination, and social skills.

First aid for burns

Cool the burn under running water for about 10 to 20 minutes, remove tight items, and cover with a clean non-stick cloth. Do not apply ice, toothpaste, or oil.

Dengue transmission

Dengue spreads through the bite of infected Aedes mosquitoes, which breed in clean stagnant water and bite mainly during the day. Control requires removing water collections.

Handwashing steps

Wet hands, apply soap, rub palms, backs, between fingers, and under nails for at least 20 seconds, rinse with clean running water, and dry with a clean cloth.

Consumer rights list

Under the Consumer Protection Act, 2019: safety, information, choice, being heard, redressal, and consumer education. Complaints go to District, State, or National Commission by value.

AGMARK and ISI marks

AGMARK certifies quality of agricultural produce such as ghee and spices. The ISI mark of the Bureau of Indian Standards certifies industrial goods against Indian Standards.

Unit price comparison

Divide the package price by its quantity to get price per unit, such as per kilogram or per litre. Comparing unit prices reveals which package size is cheaper.