रचना एवं अनुवाद - Composition and Translation
रचना एवं अनुवाद
This section asks for a short original composition (a paragraph on a familiar topic) and translation between Hindi/English and Sanskrit. It rewards controlled, simple Sanskrit and punishes word-by-word transfer.
Translation: Hindi → Sanskrit
- Find the क्रिया and fix its tense and पद (परस्मैपद/आत्मनेपद).
- Identify the कर्ता and put it in प्रथमा - Hindi 'ने' does not become तृतीया.
- Assign each कारक: object → द्वितीया, recipient → चतुर्थी, instrument → तृतीया, source → पञ्चमी, place → सप्तमी.
- Reorder as कर्ता – कर्म – क्रिया.
Sanskrit → Hindi
Read the क्रिया first: क्त/क्तवतु = past, -ति = present, -ष्यति = future, लिङ् = 'चाहिए / करना चाहिए'.
Worked example
Hindi: माता ने बालक को दूध दिया।
- क्रिया देना → दा, लङ्, प्रथमपुरुष एकवचन → अददात्.
- कर्ता माता → माता (प्रथमा), despite the Hindi 'ने'.
- 'बालक को' names the recipient → सम्प्रदान, चतुर्थी → बालकाय.
- दूध is neuter → दुग्धम् (द्वितीया). Result: माता बालकाय दुग्धम् अददात्।
Composition rules
Five to seven sentences. Open with a general statement, add two or three supporting points, close with a सूक्ति. Use connectors - अत्र, अतः, तथा, अपि च, परन्तु, यतः, तस्मात् - and keep verbs in लट् unless the topic genuinely needs the past.
Traps
- Turning the Hindi ergative 'ने' into तृतीया; active Sanskrit keeps the agent in प्रथमा.
- Translating idioms word for word rather than transferring the sense.
- Wrong gender: दुग्ध, फल, वाक्य, जल, पत्र are neuter; लता, नदी, भाषा are feminine.
- Forgetting dual forms where exactly two persons are named.
- Writing long, ambitious sentences that collapse on agreement.