UPMSP Class 12 Sports & Physical Education flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Physical education aim

The overall development of the individual-physical, mental, social, emotional, and moral-through planned physical activities.

Growth vs development

Growth is a quantitative increase in body size measurable in centimetres or kilograms; development is a qualitative improvement in function and skill.

Cephalocaudal principle

The principle that growth and development proceed from head to tail, so the head and upper body develop before the lower limbs.

Body mass index

BMI = weight in kilograms divided by height in metres squared; a normal adult BMI range is 18.5 to 24.9.

FITT principle

A fitness programme design framework using Frequency, Intensity, Time, and Type of exercise to structure training safely and effectively.

Olympic motto

Citius, Altius, Fortius-Communiter, meaning Faster, Higher, Stronger-Together; the word Communiter was added in 2021.

Khel Ratna

India's highest sporting honour, renamed after Major Dhyan Chand in 2021; first awarded to chess player Viswanathan Anand in 1991–92.

Overload principle

The training principle that the body adapts only when the training stimulus exceeds current capacity, achieved by increasing frequency, intensity, time, or volume.

Supercompensation

The phase after training and adequate recovery when performance capacity rises above the pre-training level, allowing progressive improvement.

Ashtanga Yoga

Patanjali's eight limbs: yama, niyama, asana, pranayama, pratyahara, dharana, dhyana, and samadhi, forming a complete yoga path.

Pranayama

Yogic breath control techniques such as anulom-vilom, bhastrika, kapalbhati, bhramari, and ujjayi used to regulate energy and calm the mind.

Balanced diet

A diet providing carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, water, and fibre in proportions that meet the body's energy and nutrient needs.

Anorexia nervosa

An eating disorder marked by severe food restriction, low body weight, and an intense fear of gaining weight despite being underweight.

RICE protocol

First-aid treatment for soft-tissue injury: Rest, Ice for 15–20 minutes, Compression, and Elevation during the first 48–72 hours.

Sprain vs strain

A sprain is an injury to a ligament, while a strain is an injury to a muscle or tendon; both are common sports injuries.

Intrinsic motivation

Motivation driven by internal satisfaction, enjoyment, or personal growth rather than external rewards such as trophies, money, or praise.

Inverted-U hypothesis

The theory that performance improves as arousal increases up to an optimal point, then declines if arousal becomes too high.

Sports management functions

The core managerial tasks of planning, organising, staffing, directing, controlling, and budgeting applied to sport organisations and events.

Standard track dimensions

A 400-metre oval running track with eight lanes, each lane 1.22 metres wide, used for standard athletic competition.

Cooper 12-minute run

A field fitness test in which the distance covered in 12 minutes of running estimates cardiorespiratory endurance and maximal oxygen uptake.

Volleyball rotation

After winning a rally when the opponent served, players rotate one position clockwise before serving, maintaining six players per side.

Proximodistal principle

The principle that development proceeds from the centre of the body outward to the limbs, so trunk control precedes fine finger movement.

Target heart rate

The exercise heart-rate range calculated by the Karvonen formula: ((HRmax − HRrest) × intensity) + HRrest, where HRmax ≈ 220 − age.

Olympic rings

Five interlocking rings in blue, yellow, black, green, and red on a white background, representing the five inhabited continents.

Dronacharya Award

An Indian national award instituted in 1985 to honour coaches who have produced outstanding sportspersons and contributed to sports development.

Specificity principle

The training principle that adaptations are specific to the muscles, energy systems, and movement patterns that are trained.

Yama

The first limb of Ashtanga Yoga comprising ahimsa, satya, asteya, brahmacharya, and aparigraha-ethical restraints guiding social conduct.

Female athlete triad

A syndrome of low energy availability, menstrual dysfunction, and low bone mineral density, often seen in physically active women and girls.

PRICE protocol

An extension of RICE for injury first aid: Protection, Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation to limit swelling and promote recovery.

Hostile aggression

Aggressive behaviour whose primary intent is to harm another person, as opposed to instrumental aggression used to achieve a performance goal.

Facility planning principles

Guidelines for sports facilities including suitable location, accessibility, safety, lighting, ventilation, drainage, and adequate spectator amenities.

Cricket over

A set of six legal deliveries bowled by one bowler from one end; an innings consists of multiple overs bowled alternately from each end.