UPPSC APS flashcards
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32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Preamble amendment
- The Preamble has been amended only once, by the 42nd Amendment Act 1976, which inserted the words 'socialist', 'secular' and 'integrity' into the text.
- Article 32
- It gives the Supreme Court power to issue writs of habeas corpus, mandamus, prohibition, certiorari and quo warranto for enforcing Fundamental Rights; Ambedkar called it the heart of the Constitution.
- Article 51A
- Lists Fundamental Duties of citizens; ten were added by the 42nd Amendment 1976 and an eleventh, on educating children aged six to fourteen, by the 86th Amendment 2002.
- Tropic of Cancer states
- It crosses eight Indian states: Gujarat, Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, Tripura and Mizoram.
- Repo rate
- The rate at which the Reserve Bank of India lends short-term funds to commercial banks against government securities; raising it tightens liquidity and is used to control inflation.
- Lothal
- A Harappan site in Gujarat known for its dockyard and bead-making workshop, indicating maritime trade links with the Persian Gulf region.
- Standard Meridian of India
- The longitude 82 degrees 30 minutes east, passing near Mirzapur in Uttar Pradesh, is adopted as Indian Standard Time, five and a half hours ahead of GMT.
- Dacoity under IPC
- Robbery committed by five or more persons; defined in section 391, it is distinguished from robbery only by the number of participants.
- Section 300 IPC
- Defines murder through four clauses and five illustrations; culpable homicide becomes murder unless it falls within the exceptions such as grave and sudden provocation.
- Section 154 CrPC
- Requires every information relating to a cognizable offence to be recorded in writing by the officer in charge of a police station and read over to the informant.
- Dying declaration
- A statement by a person about the cause of their death, relevant under section 32(1) of the Evidence Act and admissible even without the maker's oath or cross-examination.
- Section 25 Evidence Act
- Provides that no confession made to a police officer shall be proved against an accused person, protecting against custodial coercion.
- Section 167 CrPC
- Governs remand when investigation cannot be completed in twenty-four hours; police custody is limited to fifteen days and total detention to sixty or ninety days by offence severity.
- Section 10 Contract Act
- States that agreements become contracts when made by free consent of competent parties, for lawful consideration and object, and are not expressly declared void.
- Section 9 CPC
- Confers jurisdiction on civil courts to try all suits of a civil nature except those whose cognizance is expressly or impliedly barred.
- Limitation for money suits
- Under the Limitation Act 1963, suits for money arising from contracts must be filed within three years from the date the right to sue accrues.
- Private defence limits
- Sections 96 to 106 IPC permit force to repel unlawful harm; the right exists only against an aggressor and the force used must be proportionate to the apprehended danger.
- स्वर और व्यंजन
- हिंदी वर्णमाला में स्वर ग्यारह तथा व्यंजन तैंतीस माने जाते हैं; स्वर के भेद ह्रस्व, दीर्घ, प्लुत और अयोगवाह हैं।
- दीर्घ संधि
- जब दो स्वर मिलकर दीर्घ स्वर बनाते हैं, जैसे देव + इंद्र = देवेंद्र तथा अ + आ = आ, तो उसे दीर्घ संधि कहते हैं।
- बहुव्रीहि समास
- वह समास जिसमें कोई भी पद प्रधान न होकर तीसरा ही अर्थ प्रधान होता है, जैसे दशानन अर्थात् दस सिर वाला रावण।
- कर्मवाच्य
- जिस वाक्य में क्रिया कर्म के अनुसार चलती है और कर्ता 'से' या 'के द्वारा' के साथ आता है, उसे कर्मवाच्य कहते हैं।
- अपादान कारक
- क्रिया के जिस रूप से अलग होने का भाव प्रकट हो, वह अपादान कारक है; इसका विभक्ति चिह्न 'से' है, जैसे पेड़ से पत्ता गिरा।
- मुहावरा: अंधे की लाठी
- इस मुहावरे का अर्थ है एकमात्र सहारा; यह उस स्थिति में प्रयुक्त होता है जब कोई व्यक्ति या वस्तु ही सहारा बची हो।
- तत्सम और तद्भव
- तत्सम शब्द संस्कृत से ज्यों के त्यों आए हैं जैसे अग्नि, जबकि तद्भव शब्द बदलकर हिंदी में आए हैं जैसे आग।
- Subject-verb agreement
- A singular subject takes a singular verb; words such as each, every, either and neither are singular, while either-or and neither-nor agree with the nearer subject.
- Differ from versus differ with
- 'Differ from' is used when comparing things, while 'differ with' is used when disagreeing with a person's opinion.
- Articles with vowel sounds
- 'An' is chosen by sound, not spelling: an hour, an MLA, but a university and a one-rupee coin because those begin with consonant sounds.
- Indirect speech tense shift
- When the reporting verb is in the past, the reported verb shifts one step back in tense, and this, here and now become that, there and then.
- Affect versus effect
- 'Affect' is usually a verb meaning to influence, while 'effect' is usually a noun meaning a result; confusing them is a standard error question.
- Idiom: beat about the bush
- To avoid coming to the main point and talk around it instead of speaking directly about the matter at hand.
- One-word: polyglot
- A person who knows or uses several languages; the corresponding noun for many languages together is polyglotism.
- Passive voice formation
- Move the object to subject position and use the appropriate form of 'be' plus the past participle; the agent follows 'by' and is dropped when unknown.