Uttarakhand D.El.Ed flashcards
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- Uttarakhand Statehood Day
- Uttarakhand was carved out of Uttar Pradesh and became a state on 9 November 2000, initially named Uttaranchal; it was renamed Uttarakhand in 2007.
- Uttarakhand High Court seat
- The High Court of Uttarakhand is located at Nainital, while the state secretariat and capital are at Dehradun; Gairsain was declared the summer capital in 2020.
- Himalayan monal
- The Himalayan monal is the state bird of Uttarakhand, a colourful pheasant found at high altitudes; the state animal is the musk deer.
- Brahma Kamal
- Brahma Kamal is the state flower of Uttarakhand, a rare high-altitude lotus that blooms at night and is associated with Kedarnath and Badrinath shrines.
- Devprayag confluence
- At Devprayag, the Alaknanda and Bhagirathi rivers meet to form the Ganga; the town is one of the Panch Prayag pilgrimage sites in Uttarakhand.
- Jim Corbett National Park
- Jim Corbett National Park in Nainital district, established in 1936 as Hailey National Park, is India's oldest national park and part of the Project Tiger network.
- Uttarakhand districts and language
- Uttarakhand has 13 districts divided into the Kumaon and Garhwal divisions; Hindi is the official language and Sanskrit has second official language status.
- स्वर और व्यंजन
- हिंदी वर्णमाला में 11 स्वर और 33 व्यंजन होते हैं; स्वर स्वतंत्र रूप से बोले जाते हैं और व्यंजन को उच्चारण के लिए स्वर की सहायता चाहिए।
- संधि
- दो वर्णों या ध्वनियों के मेल से होने वाले परिवर्तन को संधि कहते हैं; इसके तीन भेद हैं-स्वर संधि, व्यंजन संधि और विसर्ग संधि।
- समास
- समास में दो या अधिक शब्द मिलकर एक सामासिक पद बनाते हैं; मुख्य भेद तत्पुरुष, कर्मधारय, द्विगु, द्वंद्व, बहुव्रीहि और अव्ययीभाव हैं।
- उपसर्ग
- उपसर्ग वे शब्दांश हैं जो किसी मूल शब्द के पहले जुड़कर उसका अर्थ बदल देते हैं, जैसे 'प्र' + 'हार' से 'प्रहार' बनता है।
- वाच्य
- वाच्य से यह ज्ञात होता है कि वाक्य में क्रिया का केंद्र कर्ता है, कर्म है या भाव; इसके तीन भेद-कर्तृवाच्य, कर्मवाच्य और भाववाच्य।
- अलंकार
- काव्य में सौंदर्य बढ़ाने वाले तत्व अलंकार कहलाते हैं; मुख्य रूप से शब्दालंकार जैसे अनुप्रास और अर्थालंकार जैसे उपमा, रूपक।
- Articles a, an, the
- Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds; 'the' is definite and refers to something specific or already mentioned in the sentence.
- Active and passive voice
- In active voice the subject performs the action; in passive voice the object becomes subject and the verb uses be plus past participle, as in 'The letter was written'.
- Direct and indirect speech
- Indirect speech reports words without quotation marks and shifts tense back one step, changing pronouns and time words, e.g., 'I am tired' becomes 'He said he was tired'.
- Present perfect tense
- Present perfect uses has or have plus the past participle for actions completed at an unspecified time or continuing to the present, often with since, for, already or yet.
- Prepositions of time
- 'At' is used for clock times, 'on' for days and dates, and 'in' for months, years and longer periods, for example at 5 pm, on Monday, in July.
- Idiom: a piece of cake
- The idiom 'a piece of cake' means a task that is very easy to do; it is used informally and should not be understood literally.
- HCF and LCM relation
- For two positive integers a and b, HCF multiplied by LCM equals a multiplied by b; this relation helps find one value when the other three are known.
- Simple interest formula
- Simple interest equals principal multiplied by rate multiplied by time, divided by 100, written SI = PRT/100, where T is in years and R is the annual rate percent.
- Compound interest formula
- Amount under compound interest is A = P(1 + R/100)^n, and compound interest is A minus P, where n is the number of yearly compounding periods.
- Area of a circle
- The area of a circle is πr² and its circumference is 2πr, where r is the radius and π is approximately 22/7 or 3.14.
- Pythagoras theorem
- In a right-angled triangle, the square of the hypotenuse equals the sum of the squares of the other two sides, so a² + b² = c².
- Average of numbers
- The average or mean of a set of values is their sum divided by the count; for example, the average of 4, 6 and 8 is 6.
- BODMAS rule
- BODMAS orders operations as Brackets, Of, Division, Multiplication, Addition, Subtraction; division and multiplication are done left to right before addition and subtraction.
- Newton's second law
- Newton's second law states that force equals mass times acceleration, F = ma; a larger force produces greater acceleration on the same mass.
- Photosynthesis
- Photosynthesis is the process by which green plants use sunlight, carbon dioxide and water to make glucose and oxygen in chloroplasts containing chlorophyll.
- Fundamental Rights
- Fundamental Rights are listed in Part III of the Indian Constitution, Articles 12 to 35, and are enforceable through writs issued by the Supreme Court or High Courts.
- 73rd Constitutional Amendment
- The 73rd Amendment Act, 1992 gave constitutional status to Panchayati Raj institutions and added Part IX and the Eleventh Schedule to the Constitution.
- Acids and bases
- Acids turn blue litmus red and have pH below 7; bases turn red litmus blue and have pH above 7; neutral substances have pH equal to 7.
- Indian Constitution adoption
- The Constitution of India was adopted by the Constituent Assembly on 26 November 1949 and came into force on 26 January 1950, now celebrated as Republic Day.