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Uttarakhand D.El.Ed study materials
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Uttarakhand D.El.Ed: Science and Social Science: Class 8–10 Level Facts with One-Step Reasoning

Uttarakhand D.El.Ed · Work through your exam, one topic at a time.

All guide sections

Science and Social Science: Class 8–10 Level Facts with One-Step Reasoning

Science and Social Science are combined in one section, and the questions stay at the Class 8–10 level: definitions, process steps and one-step reasoning rather than derivations. Science covers the living world, the human body and nutrition, matter and its changes, force and motion, light, electricity and environment. Social Science covers Indian history (especially the freedom movement), Indian and Uttarakhand geography, the Constitution and civics, and elementary economics.

Science anchors

  • Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, in chloroplasts, in the presence of light.
  • Mitosis gives two identical diploid cells; meiosis gives four haploid gametes.
  • F = ma; weight = mg, so mass is constant but weight varies with gravity.
  • Concave mirrors and convex lenses converge; convex mirrors and concave lenses diverge, forming virtual, diminished images.
  • Ohm's law V = IR; resistances add in series, reciprocals add in parallel.

Social Science anchors

  • Part III - Fundamental Rights (justiciable); Part IV - Directive Principles (not enforceable); Part IVA - Fundamental Duties, added by the 42nd Amendment, 1976.
  • Article 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment Act 2002, guarantees free and compulsory education to children aged 6–14; Article 45 was recast as early childhood care.
  • Dates to know exactly: Congress 1885, Partition of Bengal 1905, Jallianwala Bagh 1919, Dandi March 1930, Quit India 1942.

Worked example

"Free and compulsory education for children aged 6–14 is guaranteed by which provision?" Reasoning: the guarantee is enforceable in court, so it must sit in Part III, not among the Directive Principles in Part IV. The specific article is 21A, inserted by the 86th Amendment (2002), which also added Fundamental Duty 51A(k) for parents and rewrote Article 45. Answer: Article 21A.

Traps that cost marks

  • Treating a Directive Principle as an enforceable Fundamental Right.
  • Swapping mitosis with meiosis, or photosynthesis with respiration.
  • Sliding a date by one year - anchor 1857, 1885, 1919, 1930, 1942 firmly.
  • Confusing mass with weight, or speed with velocity.