WBBSE Madhyamik Gujarati (First Language) flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Gadyansh

An unseen prose passage in the Gujarati examination; questions test comprehension, central idea, vocabulary in context, and the ability to answer in one's own words.

Mukhyabhāv

The central idea or sentiment of a passage or poem. In gadyansh and padyansh answers, state it in one sentence before giving supporting detail.

Upamā alaṅkāra

A simile in Gujarati poetry, created by explicit comparison using words such as 'jevo', 'jem', or 'sama'. The comparison is stated, not implied.

Rūpaka alaṅkāra

A metaphor in which one thing is directly identified as another without comparison words. The identification, not the resemblance, is stated.

Druṭapaṭhan

Rapid reading section of the Madhyamik Gujarati paper. Passages are short, answers factual, and speed matters more than detailed analysis.

Svar sandhi

Joining of two vowels in Sanskrit-derived Gujarati words. Examples: a + a = ā; a + i = e; a + u = o; a + ṛ = ar.

Dvandva samāsa

A compound in which both members are equally important, usually joined by 'ane'. Example: 'mātā-pitā' (mother and father).

Bahuvrīhi samāsa

A compound that refers to a third entity rather than to either member. Example: 'nīlāṅkha' (blue-eyed one) refers to a person, not to eyes.

Tatpuruṣa samāsa

A compound in which the second member is dominant and the first modifies it. Example: 'rājputra' (king's son) - the son is primary.

Karmadhāraya samāsa

A compound in which the first member is an adjective describing the second. Example: 'mahāpuruṣ' (great man).

Kārak

Grammatical case relation in Gujarati: kartā (subject), karma (object), karaṇ (instrument), sampradān (recipient), apādān (source), adhikaraṇ (location).

Vibhakti endings

Suffixes marking case: -ne for object or recipient; -thī for instrument or source; -mā for location; -no/-nī/-nu for relation.

Nibandh structure

Essay format with prastāvanā (introduction), madhya (body with two or three points), and upasamhār (conclusion). Length should match the marks allotted.

Formal letter format

Sender's address, date, receiver's address, subject line, salutation, body, closing phrase, and signature. Tone is formal and third person.

Notice format

Heading 'Sūchanā', date, subject line, body of two to three sentences, and the issuer's name and designation. No signature in school format.

Report format

Heading naming the event, byline with reporter and date, past-tense third-person narration, and a closing outcome or appeal. Usually 100–150 words.

Kahevat

A Gujarati proverb carrying traditional wisdom. Questions ask for its meaning and sometimes a one-line usage in a sentence.

Rūḍhi prayog

An idiom whose meaning cannot be derived word by word. Example: 'āṅkhno tāro' means a very dear person, not a star in the eye.

Paryāyavāchī shabda

A synonym. Example: 'sūraj' has synonyms bhāskar, dinakar, ravī, and āditya. Used in vocabulary questions and to avoid repetition in essays.

Viruddhārthī shabda

An antonym. Examples: prakāsh ↔ andhakār; satyā ↔ asatya; jaya ↔ parājaya; sukh ↔ dukh.

Shabda-samūh

A phrase replaced by a single word. Example: 'jene khabar na hoy' becomes 'ajāṇ'; 'jene koi nā hoy' becomes 'anāth'.

Anupṛāsa alaṅkāra

Alliteration in Gujarati poetry, created by repeating the same consonant sound across nearby words for rhythmic effect.

Atishayokti alaṅkāra

Hyperbole - deliberate exaggeration for emphasis. The statement is not meant literally but intensifies the sentiment.

Karuṇ rasa

The aesthetic emotion of sorrow, loss, or separation. Signalled by words such as 'dukh', 'vilāp', or 'rākh'.

Vīr rasa

The aesthetic emotion of courage, battle, or patriotism. Signalled by words such as 'vīr', 'yuddh', or 'jaya'.

Chhand

Metre in Gujarati poetry - the fixed pattern of syllables and pauses that gives a poem its rhythm.

Yati

A pause or caesura within a line of Gujarati verse, marking a rhythmic break in recitation.

Pratyakṣh vākya

Direct speech in Gujarati grammar. It uses quotation marks and a reporting verb, and keeps the speaker's original words.

Apratyakṣh vākya

Indirect speech. Quotation marks are removed, pronouns and tense markers change to match the reporting verb, but meaning stays intact.

Karmavāchya prayog

Passive voice in Gujarati. The object becomes subject, and the agent is marked with 'thī' or 'dvārā'. Common in reports and notices.

Kartarivāchya prayog

Active voice in Gujarati. The subject performs the action directly, and the verb agrees with the subject in person and number.

Shirshak

Title of a passage. A good shirshak is three to six words and covers the whole passage, not just the opening incident.