Comprehension (Fahm): Unseen Passage, Vocabulary and Inference
Fahm is the unseen passage section: a short prose extract followed by items on unwaan, markazi khayal, lafz ka matlab, mutazad, jumla banane, and inference about what the writer implies. Everything is answered from the passage; nothing from memory or personal opinion.
Rules
- Unwaan: a two-to-four word noun phrase, not a sentence, and it must cover the whole passage rather than its first line.
- Lafz ka matlab: give the sense the word carries here. 'Mausam' in a passage about a person's mood is not simply weather.
- Mutazad: match the grammatical form of the given word - a noun needs a noun, a verb a verb.
- Jumla: the sentence must display the passage's meaning, so an unrelated correct sentence scores nothing.
- Inference: state the point and attach it to the line it comes from; an unsupported opinion is not an inference.
Worked example
Passage line: 'Purani kitabon ki khaal utar gayi thi, lekin un ke safhaat par likhi tehreerein aaj bhi goya bol rahi thin.' Question: 'Musannif kitabon ki kis halat ka zikr kar raha hai?' (2) Reasoning: 'utari hui khaal' signals age and damage; 'goya bol rahi thin' signals that the content still lives. A one-part answer ('kitabein purani thin') earns half. The full answer needs both halves - zahiri halat kharab, magar ilm zinda - and that same reading also answers the markazi khayal item that usually follows.
Traps
- copying whole sentences instead of answering;
- a dictionary meaning that ignores the passage's context;
- offering a title that is a full sentence with a verb;
- giving personal opinion where the question asks what the writer thinks;
- writing a jumla that is grammatically correct but unrelated to the given word.