WBCHSE HS First Language Santali flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Mukhyo bhab

The central idea or governing thought of a poem or prose piece, stated in one or two sentences and supported by the text's closing lines or decisive incident.

Title justification

An answer that shows how the title names the text's central concern, linking it to both the opening situation and the final resolution rather than to a minor detail.

Character sketch method

A four-part answer: who the character is, the dominant trait, one action that proves the trait, and the character's function in the work's message.

Kahni in Santali prose

A proverbial saying woven into narrative prose to compress a moral observation; quoting one strengthens answers on style and on the writer's social comment.

Writer's purpose versus event

The literal happening narrated is the event; the purpose is the moral or social comment it carries. Answers must separate the two explicitly.

Upama

Simile: an explicit comparison marked by words equivalent to 'like' or 'as'. Naming the two things compared and the shared quality earns full credit.

Rupok

Metaphor: an implied comparison in which one thing is spoken of as another without a comparing word. Identify both terms and the transferred quality.

Punorukti

Repetition of a word, phrase, or line. In Santali song-poetry it builds rhythm and emphasis and reflects oral performance conventions.

Rhyme scheme notation

Line-end sounds are labelled with letters in order, so aabb means the first two lines rhyme with each other and the next two rhyme separately.

Imagery by sense

Classifying images as visual (colour, light), auditory (song, drum, birdcall), tactile (rain, wind, touch), or olfactory, and naming which sense each appeals to.

Speaker versus poet

The speaker is the voice inside the poem; the poet is the author. Tone questions may concern either, so state which one your evidence supports.

Five-stage plot frame

Exposition, rising action, climax, falling action, resolution. Name the specific event at each stage rather than describing the stages abstractly.

Dramatic conflict types

Person against person, person against society, or person against self. Identify the dominant type and cite the exchange in which it surfaces.

Drishyo nirdesh

Stage directions: bracketed instructions on setting, movement, and tone. They carry mood and are quotable evidence in atmosphere questions.

Unity of one-act play

A single setting and one sustained action. This concentration forces tension onto one decisive moment, which is why climax questions dominate this genre.

Dialogue as motive

In drama there is no narrator, so a line must be read for what it reveals about the speaker's motive, not only for the information it conveys.

Causal-chain summary

A summary organised by cause and effect (this leads to that) rather than by chronological episode list; it compresses the whole text into its driving logic.

Main plot versus subplot

The main plot carries the central causal line; subplots support or complicate it. 'Why does X happen' questions usually trace to the main line.

Sandhi

The sound change occurring where two words or morphemes meet. First restore the two original forms, then name the change: vowel meeting vowel, or vowel plus consonant.

Samas analysis

Splitting a compound into its constituent words and naming the relation between them, deciding which member governs the meaning of the whole.

Karok question test

Case relation is found by asking who does, what is done, by what means, to whom, and from where; each answer marks a distinct karok.

Sabda-bhed

Classification of words by origin and form, distinguishing native words, borrowed words, and derived or compound formations within the language.

Transformation rule

Affirmative to negative, direct to indirect, active to passive: change only the grammatical frame and preserve the original meaning exactly.

Verb agreement in Santali

Verb forms agree with person and number and carry tense or aspect marking, so a mismatched verb ending is the commonest error in correction items.

Formal letter elements

Sender's address, date, receiver's designation and address, subject line, salutation, body, closing, and signature. Omitting any element costs marks.

Notice format

The word NOTICE at the top, date, a bold heading, a body of two or three sentences, and the issuer's name and designation at the close.

Report conventions

Past tense, third person, the five Ws plus outcome, with a headline and reporter's name as conventional additions to the body.

Idiom translation rule

Render an idiom by an equivalent idiom in the target language, never word for word; literal rendering destroys the figurative meaning.

Contextual vocabulary choice

A word may carry several dictionary senses; select the one that fits the sentence, then confirm by substituting it back into the passage.

Inference from textual clues

'Why did the writer say' questions are answered from evidence inside the passage, not from general knowledge or personal opinion.

Synonym part-of-speech rule

A synonym or antonym answer must match the prompt's part of speech and be a single word unless the question asks for a phrase.

Project report sections

Title page, objective, methodology, collected material or data, analysis, conclusion, and bibliography. The objective states the aim, not a topic summary.

Bibliography entry

Author, title, publisher, and year for books; web sources add an access date. Missing elements weaken the credibility of the project report.