Poetry (Kobita): Appreciation, Imagery, Devices, Central Idea
Poetry (Kobita) asks you to appreciate prescribed Santali poems: imagery, poetic devices, rhythm, and central idea. Answers need device + function + evidence.
Device to function
Name the device, quote the words, then say what it does. Common terms: upama (simile), rupaka (metaphor), anuprasa (alliteration), punarukti (repetition), chhanda (metre). Santali poetry often builds rhythm through repetition and parallelism, especially in oral-style poems.
Imagery and central idea
Group images into fields (nature, village, body, journey) and ask what they oppose or reinforce.
Worked example: 'ᱦᱚᱭ ᱫᱚ ᱫᱟᱨᱮ ᱥᱟᱶ ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟ' - 'the wind dances with the trees'. Device: personification (ᱮᱱᱮᱡᱟ, dances). Function: gives the wind agency and makes nature a social world. Imagery: wind + tree. Central idea: harmony or lively interdependence. Reasoning: the verb is human, but the subject is natural; the line does not merely describe weather.
Sound and structure
Read aloud for stress. Mark refrain lines; a refrain usually carries the central idea.
Traps: listing devices without effect; paraphrasing the poem as prose; ignoring the refrain; forcing a moral the poem does not support.