Iran Nezam Architecture Supervision Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Floor Area Ratio

Total above-grade gross floor area divided by plot area. Zoning tables cap this ratio per zone, and it is checked independently of building coverage.

Building coverage ratio

The building footprint area divided by the plot area, expressed as a percentage. It is limited separately from floor area ratio.

Ramp slope limit

Accessible ramps are limited to a running slope of 1:12, with level landings at least every 9 metres of run and at every change of direction.

Stair riser-tread rule

Comfortable stairs keep risers near 17–18 cm and treads near 28–30 cm, with twice the riser plus the tread falling between 60 and 64 cm.

Seismic base shear

The total design lateral force at the base equals the seismic coefficient multiplied by the effective seismic weight of the structure.

Concrete cover purpose

Cover protects reinforcement from corrosion and fire and ensures bond. Minimum values depend on exposure class and member type, and increase for foundations cast against soil.

Strong-column weak-beam

A design hierarchy in which beam hinges form before column hinges, so the frame keeps its vertical load path during a severe earthquake.

One-way versus two-way slab

A slab spanning mainly in one direction has a long-to-short side ratio of about two or more; below that, load travels in both directions.

Cement Type V

A cement with high sulfate resistance, used where soil or groundwater carries high sulfate concentrations. Type II gives only moderate resistance.

Water-cement ratio

The mass of water divided by the mass of cement in a mix. Lowering it raises strength and lowers permeability, but workability must be maintained by admixture.

Concrete curing period

Moist curing for at least seven days with normal cement, or about three days with high-early-strength cement, prevents strength loss and shrinkage cracking.

Thermal conductivity lambda

A material property in watts per metre-kelvin describing heat flow through unit thickness per unit temperature difference. Lower values insulate better.

Waterproofing lap direction

Sheet membranes are laid so each upper sheet overlaps the lower one in the direction of water flow, keeping water on the surface rather than driving it into the lap.

U-value definition

The overall heat transfer coefficient of an assembly, equal to the reciprocal of total thermal resistance including surface films. Lower U means a better envelope.

Heating load components

Transmission losses through the envelope plus the load for heating cold infiltrating and ventilating air. Solar and internal gains are subtracted for cooling load.

Vent stack function

A vertical pipe connected to drain branches that admits air behind the flowing waste, preventing trap seal siphonage and sewer gas entry.

Demand factor

The ratio of maximum demand to total connected load. It is used to size electrical service equipment smaller than the sum of all connected loads.

Critical path

The longest duration chain of dependent activities through the project network. Its total float is zero, so any delay on it delays completion.

Total float formula

Total float equals late start minus early start, or late finish minus early finish. It is the time an activity can slip without delaying the project.

Cost performance index

Earned value divided by actual cost. A value below one indicates the work completed has cost more than its budgeted value.

Hold point inspection

A stage where work must stop until the supervisor inspects and signs off. Covering work before a hold point removes the chance to verify it.

Occupant load factor

A code table value giving floor area per person for each use. It converts area into persons, which then sizes exits, stairs, and doors.

Means of egress components

The continuous path from any occupied point through exit access, the exit itself, and exit discharge to a public way, kept clear and protected.

Occupancy certificate

An authority document confirming the completed building matches approved drawings and may be legally occupied. Issued after final inspection, not before.

Lump-sum contract

A fixed price for a fully defined scope. The contractor carries quantity and price risk, so unclear scope makes this form dispute-prone.

Retention money

A percentage withheld from progress payments as security for defects, released at the contractually defined stage after the defects liability period.

Liquidated damages

A pre-agreed sum per day of late completion. It must be a genuine forecast of the client's loss to be enforceable rather than a penalty.

Variation order

A written instruction changing scope, priced at contract rates or an agreed new rate, and assessed for time impact before the work proceeds.

Excavation shoring threshold

Trenches deeper than about 1.2 metres require sloping or shoring unless the ground is stable rock, and must be re-inspected after rain.

Fall protection at edges

Guardrails, covers, or personal fall arrest are required at open floor edges, roof edges, and openings, with covers secured against displacement.

Rebar unit weight formula

Weight per metre of a round bar equals the diameter in millimetres squared divided by 162, giving kilograms per metre.

Unit rate build-up

The per-unit price assembled from labour, material, plant, overhead, and profit. Productivity assumptions in the build-up drive estimate accuracy.