Iran Nursing Competency Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Naegele rule

Estimated date of delivery is calculated from the first day of the last menstrual period minus 3 months plus 7 days, adding 1 year.

Apgar score

Assessment at 1 and 5 minutes of heart rate, respiratory effort, muscle tone, reflex irritability, and color, each scored 0–2 for a maximum of 10.

Holliday-Segar maintenance fluids

Daily maintenance fluid is 100 mL/kg for the first 10 kg, 50 mL/kg for the next 10 kg, and 20 mL/kg for each kilogram above 20.

Sepsis-3 definition

Suspected infection with organ dysfunction shown by a SOFA score increase of at least 2 points; septic shock adds vasopressor need and lactate above 2 mmol/L.

Standard precautions

Infection control measures applied to all patients: hand hygiene, gloves, gown, mask and eye protection based on exposure risk, safe sharps handling, and safe injection practices.

Sensitivity

The proportion of people with disease who test positive: true positives divided by all diseased. It reflects a test's ability to detect disease.

Informed consent elements

Capacity, disclosure of risks, benefits, and alternatives, understanding, and voluntariness. The nurse verifies and witnesses but does not obtain consent for the provider's explanation.

SBAR handoff

Structured communication using situation, background, assessment, and recommendation to convey critical information and reduce errors during transitions of care.

Lithium therapeutic range

Serum lithium of 0.6–1.2 mEq/L. Toxicity causes tremor, vomiting, ataxia, and confusion; dehydration and NSAIDs raise levels.

Serotonin syndrome triad

Mental status change, autonomic hyperactivity, and neuromuscular abnormalities such as clonus and hyperreflexia, caused by serotonergic drug combinations.

Rule of nines

Burn surface estimate: head 9%, each arm 9%, each leg 18%, anterior trunk 18%, posterior trunk 18%, perineum 1% in adults.

Parkland formula

Crystalloid for burns: 4 mL/kg per percent total body surface area in 24 hours, with half given in the first 8 hours from injury.

Cushing triad

Hypertension, bradycardia, and irregular respirations indicating increased intracranial pressure and impending herniation.

Herd immunity threshold

The proportion of immune people needed to interrupt transmission, calculated as 1 minus 1 divided by the basic reproduction number.

Levels of prevention

Primary prevents disease through immunization and education; secondary detects disease early through screening; tertiary limits disability through rehabilitation and chronic disease management.

Negligence elements

Duty, breach of duty, causation, and damages. All four must be shown for a malpractice claim to succeed.

Delegation accountability

The delegating nurse retains accountability for the task, must match it to the delegate's competence, give clear instructions, and evaluate the outcome.

PDSA cycle

Plan-Do-Study-Act: a structured quality improvement method for testing small changes, studying results, and adopting or adapting them.

Five moments for hand hygiene

Before patient contact, before aseptic procedure, after body fluid exposure, after patient contact, and after touching patient surroundings.

Airborne precautions

Used for tuberculosis, measles, and varicella; requires a negative-pressure room and an N95 or higher respirator.

Intramuscular injection limits

Ventrogluteal site is preferred for adults and holds up to 3 mL; the deltoid holds up to 1 mL; the dorsogluteal site risks sciatic nerve injury.

Pressure injury staging

Stage 1 is intact skin with non-blanchable erythema; Stage 2 is partial-thickness loss; Stage 3 exposes fat; Stage 4 exposes fascia, muscle, tendon, or bone.

Diabetic ketoacidosis criteria

pH below 7.30, bicarbonate below 18 mEq/L, glucose above 250 mg/dL, and positive ketones; treat with saline, insulin infusion, and potassium replacement.

Stroke thrombolysis window

Alteplase may be given up to 4.5 hours from last known well; blood pressure must be below 185/110 mmHg before treatment.

Postpartum hemorrhage definition

Blood loss of 500 mL or more after vaginal birth or 1000 mL or more after cesarean birth, or any loss causing hemodynamic instability; uterine atony is the most common cause.

Bronchiolitis management

Most often caused by respiratory syncytial virus in infants under 2 years; treatment is supportive with hydration, oxygenation, and nasal suctioning, not routine bronchodilators.

Kawasaki disease treatment

Fever for at least 5 days with conjunctivitis, oral changes, rash, extremity changes, and lymphadenopathy; IV immunoglobulin and aspirin prevent coronary aneurysms.

Alcohol withdrawal timeline

Symptoms begin 6–24 hours after the last drink; benzodiazepines are first-line; delirium tremens occurs at 24–72 hours with fever, tachycardia, and hallucinations.

Tension pneumothorax signs

Unilateral absent breath sounds, distended neck veins, tracheal deviation, and hypotension; immediate needle decompression is required before imaging.

Glasgow Coma Scale

Eye opening 1–4, verbal response 1–5, motor response 1–6; total 3–15; a score of 8 or less indicates severe injury and airway risk.

Advance directives

A living will states treatment preferences; a durable power of attorney for health care designates a surrogate decision-maker for when the patient lacks capacity.

Root cause analysis

A structured retrospective review after a sentinel event that identifies system failures and produces an action plan with measurable follow-up.