Gunma Entrance English key terms

A structure for talking about plans or intentions decided before speaking, formed with am, is, or are plus going to plus the base verb. It also predicts future events based on present evidence.

A verb form made with have or has plus the past participle. It links a past action or state to the present, as in 'I have lived here for five years.'

The form of an adjective or adverb used to compare two things, usually made by adding -er or placing more before the word, and often followed by than.

The form of an adjective or adverb that compares three or more things and shows the highest or lowest degree. It is made with -est or most, usually with the.

A sentence pattern in which the receiver of the action becomes the subject, formed with be plus the past participle, as in 'This book was written in 1990.'

A word such as who, which, or that that introduces a clause describing the noun before it, as in 'the boy who won the race.'

The base form of a verb, often used with to, that can act as a noun, adjective, or adverb, as in 'I want to study abroad.'

A verb form ending in -ing that works as a noun, such as 'swimming' in 'Swimming is fun.' It can be a subject, an object, or the object of a preposition.

A helping verb such as can, may, must, or should that adds meanings like ability, permission, obligation, or advice, and is followed by the base form of a verb.

A pattern that says something exists or is present. Use 'there is' with a singular noun and 'there are' with a plural noun.

A question placed inside a longer sentence, using statement word order, as in 'Do you know where he lives?' The subject comes before the verb.

A structure followed by the base verb that describes a past habit or state that is no longer true, as in 'I used to play tennis every day.'

Causative verbs followed by a person and the base verb without to, meaning allow, force, or arrange for someone to do something.

A comparison pattern showing that two things are equal in some quality, with an adjective or adverb between the two 'as' words, as in 'as tall as.'

A pattern meaning more than is possible or wanted, with an adjective after too and a to-infinitive after it, as in 'too tired to walk.'

A question beginning with who, what, when, where, why, which, or how that asks for information rather than a yes or no answer.

A word such as always, usually, often, sometimes, or never that says how often something happens. It usually comes before the main verb.

A linking word such as first, next, then, or finally that shows the order of steps or events in a story, a set of instructions, or an explanation.

Writing short key words, numbers, or names while listening so you can answer questions later, instead of trying to record every word you hear.

An answer choice or detail that sounds related but is not correct, often because it uses a word heard in the recording in the wrong way or for the wrong person.

Saying the same meaning with different words. In listening and reading questions, the correct answer often restates the text rather than repeating its exact wording.

The most important point a paragraph or passage makes about its topic. It is often stated in a topic sentence but may need to be inferred.

A conclusion a reader draws from clues in the text plus background knowledge, even though the writer does not state that idea directly.

Information in nearby words or sentences that helps a reader guess the meaning of an unknown word without opening a dictionary.

A polite way to ask someone to do something. It is followed by the base verb and sounds softer and more polite than a direct command.

A polite offer or invitation followed by a noun or a to-infinitive, as in 'Would you like some tea?' or 'Would you like to join us?'

A friendly way to suggest an idea or invite someone, followed by a noun or an -ing form, as in 'How about going by bus?'

A polite way to ask for permission, followed by the base verb, as in 'May I open the window?' It is more formal than 'Can I?'

An expression used to say sorry for a mistake or trouble, such as 'I'm sorry I'm late' or 'I apologize for the delay.' It is often followed by a reason.

An expression such as 'I think that' or 'In my opinion' used to introduce your own view before you give a reason or an example.

A polite phrase meaning to wait for something with pleasure. It is followed by a noun or an -ing form, as in 'I look forward to hearing from you.'

The opening line, such as 'Dear Mr. Brown,' and the ending, such as 'Best regards, Yuki,' that frame a short message. Both follow fixed, polite patterns.

Common short words on notices, such as open, closed, free, sold out, entrance, or no parking, that give quick practical information about a place or event.

The sentence, usually near the start of a paragraph, that states the paragraph's main point and tells the reader what the rest will explain.

A fact, example, or reason that explains or proves the main point of a paragraph or a short essay.

A short plan listing the main points and the order they will appear in before you write, used to keep a composition organized and on topic.

The number of words a writing task allows or requires. Candidates should count briefly and avoid going far under or far over that number.

A writing task that uses if-clauses to describe a real or imagined situation and its result, as in 'If I had a robot, I would ...'

A linking word or phrase such as however, therefore, or for example that shows how two ideas connect across sentences or between paragraphs.