KSL ATP 107 cheat sheet

Class A airspace: FL180 and above within 48 contiguous states and Alaska; IFR clearance and Mode C transponder required.

VFR cloud clearance above 10,000 ft MSL: 5 SM visibility, 1,000 ft above, 1,000 ft below, 1 SM horizontal from clouds.

Class B airspace requires an explicit clearance ("cleared into the Class B"); Class C and D require only two-way radio established.

Basic VFR weather minimums in Class G below 1,200 ft day: 1 SM visibility and clear of clouds.

Transponder Mode C required in Class A, B, C, and within the 30 NM Mode C veil of a Class B primary airport.

Alcohol: 8 hours bottle-to-throttle, blood alcohol under 0.04 percent, and no impairment; 0.04 or refusal triggers reporting.

Medical certificate durations under BasicMed: 61 months if under 40, 49 months if 40 or older.

Right-of-way: converging aircraft of same category - the one on the right has right-of-way; head-on both turn right.

Density altitude rises about 120 ft per degree Celsius above standard temperature at a given pressure altitude.

True airspeed increases roughly 2 percent per 1,000 ft of altitude for a given indicated airspeed.

Load factor in a level turn: n = 1 / cos(bank angle); 60 degrees bank equals 2.0 G and a 41 percent stall-speed increase.

Stall speed increases with the square root of load factor: Vs(new) = Vs x sqrt(n).

Best glide speed yields maximum time aloft and maximum range in still air; headwind raises the speed for best range.

Alternator failure: battery powers the electrical system for a limited time; shed nonessential loads and land as soon as practical.

Carburetor ice is most likely with temperatures between -7 C and 21 C and relative humidity above 50 percent.

POH landing distance must be increased for runway slope, wind, and surface; a 10 percent increase in weight raises takeoff distance about 20 percent.

Standard lapse rate: 2 C per 1,000 ft (about 3.5 F per 1,000 ft) in the troposphere.

Convective SIGMET: severe or embedded thunderstorms, lines of storms, or tornadoes affecting an area.

AIRMET Tango: moderate turbulence, sustained surface winds 30 kt or more, or nonconvective low-level wind shear.

Ceiling is the height above ground of the lowest broken or overcast layer; VFR requires ceiling above 3,000 ft for many operations.

Freezing rain implies a warm layer aloft above a subfreezing surface layer; structural icing risk is severe.

Dew point spread of 2 C or less with cooling overnight favors fog formation.

Occluded front: a cold front overtakes a warm front; associated weather is often the most complex and widespread.

Wind shear on final: go-around if unable to maintain a stable approach speed and glidepath.

True course plus or minus wind correction equals true heading; magnetic heading = true heading minus magnetic variation (east is least).

Compass heading = magnetic heading plus or minus deviation from the compass card.

Time en route = distance / groundspeed; fuel required = time x fuel burn rate plus a legal reserve.

Day VFR fuel reserve: 30 minutes; night VFR: 45 minutes; IFR: 45 minutes.

VOR radials are magnetic bearings from the station; CDI centered with a FROM indication means the aircraft is on that radial.

GPS RAIM availability must be checked for the planned time and area when using GPS as the sole means of navigation.

1 in 60 rule: 1 NM off course at 60 NM equals about 1 degree of course error.

Magnetic variation east means magnetic north is east of true north; subtract easterly variation from true heading.

IMSAFE checklist: Illness, Medication, Stress, Alcohol, Fatigue, Emotion.

DECIDE model: Detect, Estimate, Choose, Identify, Do, Evaluate.

Hypoxia symptoms include euphoria, headache, tingling, and impaired judgment; time of useful consciousness drops sharply above FL250.

Hyperventilation produces dizziness and tingling; treatment is controlled breathing and reducing the rate of ventilation.

Spatial disorientation: trust the flight instruments, not bodily sensations, in IMC.

Get-there-itis is a classic hazardous attitude; the antidote is recognizing and neutralizing the pressure to complete a flight.

Carbon monoxide poisoning produces headache and drowsiness; suspect it with cabin heat use and treat with fresh air and oxygen.

Crew resource management relies on assertiveness, situational awareness, and closed-loop communication.

Readback is required for clearances, runway assignments, hold-short instructions, and altitude assignments.

Squawk codes: 1200 VFR, 7500 hijack, 7600 radio failure, 7700 emergency.

Initial callup includes facility name, aircraft call sign, position, altitude, and request.

"Line up and wait" is not a takeoff clearance; do not begin takeoff until cleared for takeoff.

Pilot deviation: if a clearance is unclear or unsafe, query ATC before acting.

Lost communications VFR: continue under VFR, land as soon as practical, and notify ATC.

Class D airspace uses a tower; contact tower before entering; the tower controls the surface up to the ceiling shown on the chart.

Position reports on a non-radar route include aircraft identification, position, time, altitude, and next reporting point and ETA.

Engine failure in flight: establish best glide, pick a landing site, attempt restart per checklist, and declare an emergency.

Emergency descent: use maximum allowable airspeed, descend, and turn away from traffic; squawk 7700 and advise ATC.

In-flight fire: shut off fuel and electrical sources to the affected area, use the extinguisher, and land as soon as possible.

Emergency frequency 121.5 MHz; guard channel monitored by ATC and emergency services.

Forced landing without power: land into the wind, on the longest available surface, and touch down at minimum controllable speed.

Loss of cabin pressure: don oxygen masks, descend to below 10,000 ft, and declare an emergency.

ELT activation on 121.5 or 406 MHz; test only during the first five minutes of the hour.

Survival priorities: protection, location, water, and food, in that order.