Kiribati KCBE cheat sheet
Kiribati KCBE · Keep the key ideas within reach.
Critical Thinking and Problem Solving
Identify the conclusion (the claim being argued for) and the premises (the reasons offered); an argument needs both to be evaluated.
Valid reasoning: if the premises are true, the conclusion must be true; soundness adds that the premises are actually true.
Common fallacies: ad hominem (attacking the person), straw man (misrepresenting an opponent), false dilemma (only two options offered), appeal to authority without relevant expertise.
Correlation does not prove causation; alternative explanations include reverse causation and a common third cause.
Necessary versus sufficient: a necessary condition must hold; a sufficient condition guarantees the outcome; they are not interchangeable.
Base-rate neglect: a rare condition can produce many false positives even with an accurate test; consider the prior probability.
Problem-solving steps: define the problem, list constraints, generate options, evaluate against criteria, choose, then review the result.
Estimation and checking: round numbers to test whether an answer is plausible; an answer outside the rough estimate signals an error.