Kiribati KCBE flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Order of operations

The agreed sequence for evaluating expressions: brackets first, then powers or indices, then multiplication and division from left to right, then addition and subtraction from left to right.

Percentage change formula

Subtract the old value from the new value, divide by the old value, then multiply by 100. A positive result is an increase; a negative result is a decrease.

Mean, median, mode

Mean is the sum divided by the count. Median is the middle value of an ordered list. Mode is the most frequent value. Each describes the centre differently.

Unit rate

A rate expressed for exactly one unit, found by dividing the quantity by the number of units. It allows direct comparison of prices, speeds, or consumption across different sizes.

Ratio scaling

Multiplying or dividing every part of a ratio by the same non-zero number keeps the relationship unchanged. This underlies recipe scaling and map scale calculations.

Circle area and circumference

Area equals pi times the radius squared. Circumference equals two times pi times the radius. The diameter is twice the radius, so circumference also equals pi times diameter.

Main idea

The central point that the whole passage supports. Details, examples, and statistics may illustrate it, but only the main idea covers the entire text.

Valid inference

A conclusion drawn from evidence stated or strongly implied in the text. If an answer requires outside knowledge the passage does not supply, it is not a valid inference.

Fact versus opinion

A fact can be verified or proven true or false. An opinion expresses a judgement, belief, or feeling and cannot be proven in the same way.

Author's purpose

The reason a writer produced the text, usually to inform, persuade, entertain, or instruct. The question's verb and the text's tone both signal which purpose applies.

Context clue strategy

Replace the unfamiliar word with each option and reread the sentence. Keep the option that preserves the meaning of the surrounding sentences and the passage's overall sense.

Cause and effect

The cause explains why something happened; the effect is what resulted. A single event can be the effect of one cause and the cause of a later effect.

Subject-verb agreement

A singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb. Phrases between the subject and verb do not change the verb form.

Article use rules

Use 'a' before consonant sounds and 'an' before vowel sounds, judged by pronunciation, not spelling. Use 'the' for specific or previously mentioned nouns.

Prepositions of time

Use 'in' for months, years, and long periods; 'on' for days and dates; 'at' for exact clock times. These three cover most time expressions in English.

Comparative adjectives

Short adjectives add -er and -est. Longer adjectives take more and most. Never use both forms together, so 'more better' and 'most fastest' are incorrect.

Formal register

Writing suited to official or academic contexts: complete sentences, no contractions or slang, precise vocabulary, and full forms such as 'do not' instead of 'don't'.

Kiribati pronunciation

The country name is pronounced 'Kiribas'. In the Kiribati language the letters 'ti' represent an 's' sound, which explains this pronunciation.

Maneaba

The traditional Kiribati communal meeting house used for village gatherings, ceremonies, and decision-making. Seating platforms inside are assigned by clan and village.

Utu

The Kiribati term for extended family. It defines obligations of mutual support, shared land rights, and responsibility for ceremonies across several generations of relatives.

Customary land tenure

Land rights in Kiribati pass through family lines and are held communally rather than sold on an open market. Elders and family groups often decide disputes.

Water cycle

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and runoff or collection. The sun provides the energy that drives the entire cycle.

Photosynthesis

The process by which green plants use sunlight, water, and carbon dioxide to produce glucose and release oxygen. Chlorophyll in leaves captures the light energy needed.

Freshwater lens

A thin layer of fresh groundwater floating on denser seawater beneath an atoll. Drought or over-extraction lets salt water rise and contaminate the supply.

Greenhouse effect

Gases such as carbon dioxide and methane trap outgoing heat in the atmosphere. Increased concentrations raise global temperatures and contribute to sea-level rise.

Series and parallel circuits

In a series circuit there is one path, so a single break stops current everywhere. In a parallel circuit there are multiple paths, so other branches keep working.

Atoll adaptation measures

Practical responses to sea-level rise on low-lying islands include sea walls, mangrove planting, rainwater harvesting, coastal setback rules, and managed relocation planning.

Beretitenti

The Kiribati title for the president, who is head of state and government. The president is elected nationally from among the members of the House of Assembly.

Maneaba ni Maungatabu

The national parliament of Kiribati. Its members are elected for four-year terms and sit in the capital, South Tarawa, on Tarawa atoll.

Kiribati geography

Kiribati comprises 33 low-lying atolls and one raised island, Banaba, spread across the Gilbert, Phoenix, and Line groups and straddling the equator and International Date Line.

Sound argument

An argument is sound when it is valid and all its premises are actually true. Validity alone only guarantees that true premises would force a true conclusion.

Correlation versus causation

Two variables moving together does not prove one causes the other. Alternative explanations include reverse causation and a shared third factor influencing both.