Kiribati KCBE key terms

The value a digit has because of its position in a number, such as the 3 in 305 meaning three hundreds rather than three ones.

Finding a number close enough to the exact answer for a practical purpose, usually by rounding values before calculating and then checking whether the result is reasonable.

A comparison of two quantities by division, showing how many times one amount contains another, often written with a colon such as 3:4.

A way of expressing a number as a fraction of one hundred, so that 45 percent means 45 parts out of every 100 parts.

A statement that two ratios are equal, used to solve problems where quantities change at the same relative rate, such as scaling a recipe.

A step-by-step written procedure for adding, subtracting, multiplying, or dividing numbers by working column by column from the ones place.

The average found by adding all values in a data set and dividing the total by the number of values, useful for summarising a set with one figure.

The middle value in a data set arranged in order; if there are two middle values, it is the average of those two numbers.

The difference between the largest and smallest values in a data set, showing how spread out the data are.

The central point a passage is making, which the supporting details explain or illustrate; it can often be stated in one sentence.

A fact, example, or reason in a text that explains, proves, or develops the main idea rather than standing alone.

A conclusion drawn from clues in the text combined with background knowledge, rather than stated directly by the writer.

Information in the words and sentences around an unfamiliar word that helps a reader work out its meaning without a dictionary.

Understanding what a word means as it is used in a particular sentence, recognising that the same word can carry different meanings in different passages.

The order in which things happen in a narrative or process, often signalled by words such as first, then, after, and finally.

The grammar rule that a singular subject takes a singular verb and a plural subject takes a plural verb, as in 'the boy runs' versus 'the boys run'.

Keeping verbs in the same time frame within a sentence or passage unless a shift in time is clearly intended and signalled.

Active voice makes the doer the subject ('the clerk filed the form'); passive voice makes the receiver the subject ('the form was filed').

A small word such as in, on, at, under, or between that links a noun or pronoun to another word and shows place, time, or direction.

Marks such as full stops, commas, apostrophes, and question marks that organise written text and clarify meaning for the reader.

The quality of a paragraph whose sentences are logically connected and flow smoothly, often achieved with linking words and consistent pronouns.

A Kiribati phrase referring to something that must be done or a task to be carried out; useful for recognising obligation in written instructions.

The Kiribati term for a household or family dwelling group, including the people who share a home and its daily responsibilities.

An elder man in a Kiribati community, respected for knowledge and often consulted on custom, land, and family matters.

The Kiribati word for custom or customary practice, covering the accepted ways a community conducts ceremonies, meetings, and relationships.

A large traditional Kiribati meeting house where the community gathers for discussions, ceremonies, and decision-making; its floor layout reflects social order.

A community of living things interacting with each other and with their non-living surroundings, such as a coral reef, lagoon, or mangrove flat.

The sequence in which living things pass energy from one to another, beginning with plants and ending with predators such as reef fish.

The variety of living species in a place, including the range of plants, animals, and micro-organisms and the genetic differences among them.

The continuous movement of water through evaporation, condensation, precipitation, and collection, which supplies fresh water to islands.

Adjusting homes, water supplies, and coastal defences so a community can cope with rising seas, saltwater intrusion, and more variable rainfall.

The division of government into legislative, executive, and judicial branches so that no single body holds all authority.

The supreme set of rules establishing a country's institutions, defining their powers, and protecting the rights of citizens.

The principle that everyone, including officials, is subject to publicly known laws applied equally and fairly by independent courts.

The island councils and their staff who manage services such as waste collection, roads, and markets within a community's own area.

The duties a person owes to the community, such as voting, paying taxes, respecting shared rules, and caring for public property.

Something accepted as true without proof, which may be hidden in an argument and should be identified when judging whether reasoning is sound.

Facts, data, or examples that support a claim and can be checked by others, as distinct from opinion or repetition of the claim.

An error in reasoning that makes an argument unreliable, such as attacking a person instead of addressing their point or drawing a hasty generalisation.

A structured approach of understanding the problem, planning a method, carrying it out, and checking the result against the original question.