Kuwait Religious Thanawiya flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Makharij al-huruf

The articulation points of Arabic letters in the vocal tract. Classical tajweed counts 17 specific points grouped into five general regions: jawf, halq, lisan, shafatan, and khayshum.

Ikhfa' haqiqi

The rule applied to noon sakinah or tanween before any of the 15 letters other than the throat letters, the six idgham letters, and ba. The noon is concealed with a ghunnah of about two counts.

Madd lazim

Obligatory elongation of six counts when a madd letter is followed by a permanent sukoon or shaddah in the same word, as in 'al-dallin' or 'al-haqqah'.

Qalqalah

An echoing or bouncing quality applied to the five letters qaf, ta, ba, jim, dal. It is strongest at the end of a verse, then in mid-word sukoon, then in waqf.

Tafsir bi'l-ma'thur

Interpretation based on transmitted reports: the Quran explained by the Quran, then by authentic Sunnah, then by statements of the Companions and Successors. Al-Tabari and Ibn Kathir exemplify this method.

Asbab al-nuzul

The occasions or events that prompted the revelation of particular verses. Knowledge of them clarifies the verse's context, though the rule is that the lesson follows the general wording, not the specific occasion.

Muhkam and mutashabih

Quranic verses are either clear and foundational (muhkam) or ambiguous (mutashabih), as stated in Q 3:7. The settled Sunni method affirms the ambiguous verses without likening or denial.

I'jaz al-Quran

The miraculous inimitability of the Quran in eloquence, legislation, prophecy, and coherence. The tahaddi or challenge to produce a comparable surah appears in Q 2:23, 10:38, and 17:88.

Sahih hadith conditions

A sound hadith requires a continuous chain, upright and precise narrators at every level, no contradiction with stronger reports (shudhudh), and no hidden defect ('illah).

Mutawatir hadith

A report narrated by such a large number at every level of the chain that collusion to fabricate is impossible. It yields certain knowledge, unlike the ahad report which yields probability.

Hasan li-ghayrihi

A weak hadith elevated to the rank of hasan by corroboration, such as multiple chains of similar strength or a supporting witness. It is accepted in legal rulings but not in creed.

Khabar al-wahid

A report transmitted by one or a few narrators at some level of the chain. The schools differ on whether it establishes creed; al-Shafi'i and Ahmad accept it, while Abu Hanifa and Malik restrict it.

Tawheed al-uluhiyyah

The oneness of Allah in worship: directing all acts of devotion such as supplication, sacrifice, and vow exclusively to Him. It is the message of every prophet and the core of the shahadah.

Shirk akbar

Major association of partners with Allah, such as calling upon the dead or sacrificing to other than Him. It nullifies deeds and removes a person from the fold of Islam.

Levels of qadar

The four levels of divine decree are Allah's knowledge of all things, His writing of them, His will that they occur, and His creation of them. All four are affirmed in Sunni creed.

Al-wala' wa'l-bara'

Loyalty and allegiance to Allah, His religion, and the believers, paired with disavowal of disbelief and its people. It is a foundational principle of aqeedah derived from the Quran.

Nisab of zakah

The minimum wealth threshold that makes zakah due: about 85 grams of gold or 595 grams of silver, held for one lunar year. The rate on cash and trade goods is 2.5 percent.

Arkan of wudu'

The obligatory acts of ablution: washing the face, arms to the elbows, wiping the head, and washing the feet to the ankles, performed in order and with continuity.

Riba al-nasi'ah

The prohibited increase charged for deferring payment of a debt. It is the riba of pre-Islamic times and is condemned in the Quran; the lender may recover only the principal.

Al-qawa'id al-fiqhiyyah

Maxims that summarize legal rulings, such as 'matters are judged by their intentions', 'certainty is not removed by doubt', 'harm must be removed', and 'hardship brings ease'.

Hijrah of the Prophet

The migration of the Prophet Muhammad from Mecca to Medina in 622 CE, marking the start of the Hijri calendar. It followed the pledges of Aqabah and preceded the founding of the first Islamic state.

Battle of Badr

The first major battle between the Muslims and Quraysh, fought in 2 AH (624 CE). About 313 Muslims defeated a much larger Meccan force, and the Quran calls it the Day of Distinction.

Al-khulafa' al-rashidun

The four rightly guided caliphs: Abu Bakr, Umar ibn al-Khattab, Uthman ibn Affan, and Ali ibn Abi Talib, who led the community from 632 to 661 CE.

Uthmani mushaf

The standardized written copy of the Quran commissioned by Caliph Uthman around 25 AH, prepared by a committee led by Zayd ibn Thabit and sent to the major garrison cities.

Ihsan in worship

A level of devotion defined in the hadith of Jibril: to worship Allah as though you see Him, for even though you do not see Him, He sees you. It combines sincerity with mindful excellence.

Ghibah

Mentioning a person in their absence in a way they would dislike, even if the statement is true. If it is false, it becomes buhtan, a more serious sin.

Huquq al-jar

The rights of the neighbor, including kindness, protection, and visiting. The Prophet said Jibril kept advising him about the neighbor until he thought a share of inheritance would be assigned.

Amanah

The trust or responsibility placed on a person, whether in wealth, secrets, or office. The Quran commands fulfilling contracts (Q 5:1) and describes the faithful as keepers of their trusts.

Ahl al-Kitab

The People of the Book, primarily Jews and Christians, who received earlier scriptures. Islamic law grants them a protected status, permits their food, and allows marriage to their women for Muslim men.

Wasatiyyah

Moderation and the middle path in religion, derived from Q 2:143 where the community is called a middle nation. It is the official religious discourse of Kuwait and many Gulf states.

Ijtihad jama'i

Collective juristic reasoning by a body of scholars, such as the OIC Fiqh Academy, to address new issues. It responds to the debate over whether individual ijtihad has ceased.

Sukuk

Islamic investment certificates structured to avoid riba by representing ownership in real assets or projects. They are the Islamic finance counterpart to conventional bonds.