Kazakhstan Grade 9 Attestation cheat sheet

Kazakh alphabet has 42 letters: 33 Cyrillic plus 9 specific letters (Ә ә, Ғ ғ, Қ қ, Ң ң, Ө ө, Ұ ұ, Ү ү, Һ һ, І і).

Kazakh is agglutinative: suffixes attach in fixed order - root + derivational + plural + possessive + case.

Case endings: Атау (-), Ілік (-ның/-нің/-дың/-дің/-тың/-тің), Барыс (-ға/-ге/-қа/-ке/-на/-не/-а/-е), Табыс (-ны/-ні/-ды/-ді/-ты/-ті/-н), Жатыс (-да/-де/-та/-те/-нда/-нде), Шығыс (-дан/-ден/-тан/-тен/-нан/-нен).

Plural suffix variants follow vowel harmony and consonant voicing: -лар/-лер/-дар/-дер/-тар/-тер.

Vowel harmony: front vowels (ә, е, и, ө, ү, і) take front suffixes; back vowels (а, ы, о, ұ, у) take back suffixes.

Abai Kunanbayev's «Қара сөз» (Words of Wisdom) comprises 45 prose edicts; his poem «Ғылым таппай мақтанба» is a canonical school text.

Zhibek Zholy (Қозы Көрпеш - Баян Сұлу) and «Қобыланды батыр» are classic epic (жыр) texts studied in Grade 9.

Mukhtar Auezov's four-volume epic «Абай жолы» traces Abai's life; a literary analysis answer must cite conflict, character, and composition.

Russian has 33 letters: 10 vowels, 21 consonants, and 2 unpronounceable signs (ъ, ь).

Case system: И (кто/что), Р (кого/чего), Д (кому/чему), В (кого/что), Т (кем/чем), П (о ком/о чём) - six cases.

Participle suffixes: -ущ-/-ющ-, -ащ-/-ящ- (present active); -вш-, -ш- (past active); -ем-/-им-, -нн-, -т- (passive).

Н/НН rule: verbal adjectives take one н (кованый), full participles with prefix or dependent word take нн (кованный, решённый).

«Слово о полку Игореве» is a 12th-century epic; Pushkin's «Евгений Онегин» is an «энциклопедия русской жизни» (Belinsky).

Grade 9 canon: Griboyedov «Горе от ума», Pushkin «Евгений Онегин», Lermontov «Герой нашего времени», Gogol «Мёртвые души».

Сложноподчинённое предложение has main + subordinate clause joined by subordinating conjunctions (что, чтобы, если, когда) or relative words.

Dash between subject and predicate stands when both are nouns in И.п. and no copula (Москва - столица), except with не, как, будто.

Quadratic formula: x = (−b ± √(b²−4ac)) / 2a; discriminant D = b²−4ac; D>0 two roots, D=0 one, D<0 none real.

Vieta's formulas for ax²+bx+c=0: x₁+x₂ = −b/a, x₁·x₂ = c/a.

Arithmetic progression: aₙ = a₁ + (n−1)d; Sₙ = n(a₁+aₙ)/2. Geometric: bₙ = b₁qⁿ⁻¹; Sₙ = b₁(qⁿ−1)/(q−1).

Laws of exponents: aᵐ·aⁿ = aᵐ⁺ⁿ; (aᵐ)ⁿ = aᵐⁿ; a⁻ⁿ = 1/aⁿ; a⁰ = 1 (a≠0).

Pythagorean theorem: c² = a² + b²; converse holds - if c² = a² + b², triangle is right.

Triangle area: S = ½ah, S = ½ab·sin C, Heron S = √(p(p−a)(p−b)(p−c)), p = (a+b+c)/2.

Circle: C = 2πr, S = πr²; arc length l = πrα/180; sector S = πr²α/360.

Similarity: ratio of areas equals square of similarity coefficient k²; ratio of volumes equals k³.

Trigonometric identity: sin²α + cos²α = 1; sine rule a/sin A = 2R; cosine rule a² = b² + c² − 2bc·cos A.

Kazakh Khanate founded 1465–1466 by Kerey and Zhanibek in the Zhetysu region, separating from the Uzbek Khanate of Abu'l-Khayr.

Kasym Khan (1511–1518) expanded the khanate; his reign is described as the «golden age» with a code of laws called «Қасым ханның қасқа жолы».

The code «Жеті жарғы» (Seven Charters) is attributed to Tauke Khan (1680–1715).

Junior, Middle, and Senior zhuzes formed by the 16th century; Abylai Khan (1711–1781) united the three zhuzes against Dzungar pressure.

Russian protectorate: Junior Zhuz under Abu'lkhair Khan accepted Russian citizenship in 1731; Middle Zhuz in 1740; Senior Zhuz in 1846–1868.

Reforms of 1867–1868 abolished the khanate system and divided the steppe into oblasts (Ural, Turgai, Akmola, Semipalatinsk, Semirechye, Syr Darya).

Alash Orda government was formed in December 1917 in Orenburg; Kazakhstan became an autonomous SSR in 1920 and a Union republic in 1936.

Kazakhstan declared independence on 16 December 1991; the capital moved from Almaty to Astana in 1997 (renamed Nur-Sultan 2019–2022, then Astana).

Newton's second law: F = ma; weight P = mg with g ≈ 9.8 m/s²; work A = Fs·cos α; power N = A/t.

Ohm's law for a circuit section: I = U/R; series R = R₁+R₂; parallel 1/R = 1/R₁ + 1/R₂.

Mole: n = m/M; Avogadro number N_A = 6.02·10²³ mol⁻¹; molar volume of gas at STP 22.4 L/mol.

Periodic law: element properties recur periodically with atomic number; period = number of electron shells; group = valence electrons.

pH scale: pH < 7 acidic, pH = 7 neutral, pH > 7 basic; acids react with bases to form salt and water (neutralization).

Photosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, occurring in chloroplasts with chlorophyll and light.

Cell division: mitosis yields two diploid cells; meiosis yields four haploid gametes with crossing over in prophase I.

Geography of Kazakhstan: area 2.72 million km² (9th largest); highest point Khan Tengri 7010 m; largest lake Caspian Sea; longest river Irtysh (Ertis) within the country.

Spheres of society: economic, political, social, spiritual - each has its own institutions and functions.

Forms of state: monarchy (absolute, constitutional) vs republic (presidential, parliamentary, mixed).

Kazakhstan's Constitution was adopted at the national referendum on 30 August 1995; it declares the state democratic, secular, legal, and social.

Branches of power in Kazakhstan: legislative (Parliament: Mazhilis + Senate), executive (President + Government), judicial (courts).

Human rights are classified as personal, political, socio-economic, and cultural; the Constitution guarantees them in Section II.

Self-knowledge (өзін-өзі тану) focuses on self-awareness, values, and moral choice; reflection is its core method.

Art genres: fine art (painting, graphics, sculpture), music (vocal, instrumental), architecture, decorative-applied art.

Technology cycle: need → design → material selection → manufacture → testing → evaluation; safety rules at each stage.