Kazakhstan Grade 9 Attestation flashcards

33 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Kazakh alphabet letters

The Kazakh Cyrillic alphabet contains 42 letters: 33 standard Cyrillic letters plus 9 specific Kazakh letters (Ә, Ғ, Қ, Ң, Ө, Ұ, Ү, Һ, І).

Vowel harmony in Kazakh

Kazakh words take suffixes matching their vowels: front vowels (ә, е, и, ө, ү, і) take front suffixes, while back vowels (а, ы, о, ұ, у) take back suffixes.

Abai's Words of Wisdom

«Қара сөз» is a cycle of 45 philosophical prose pieces by Abai Kunanbayev, exploring knowledge, morality, and the reform of Kazakh society.

Kazakh plural suffix variants

The plural suffix has six allomorphs chosen by vowel harmony and final consonant: -лар, -лер, -дар, -дер, -тар, -тер.

Russian н and нн rule

One н appears in verbal adjectives without prefix or dependent word (кованый). Нн appears in full participles with a prefix or dependent word, and in adjectives from -ова-/-ева-.

Russian six cases

Russian nouns change by six cases: Именительный, Родительный, Дательный, Винительный, Творительный, Предложный, each answering specific question forms.

«Горе от ума» author

Alexander Griboyedov wrote the comedy «Горе от ума» (Woe from Wit), a Grade 9 text whose hero Chatsky clashes with Famusov's conservative Moscow society.

СПП definition

Сложноподчинённое предложение is a complex sentence with a main clause and a subordinate clause linked by subordinating conjunctions or relative words.

Quadratic discriminant

For ax² + bx + c = 0, discriminant D = b² − 4ac. Two real roots if D > 0, one if D = 0, none if D < 0.

Vieta's formulas

For ax² + bx + c = 0, the sum of roots equals −b/a and the product equals c/a, allowing quick checks without solving.

Heron's formula

The area of a triangle with sides a, b, c equals √(p(p−a)(p−b)(p−c)), where p is the semi-perimeter (a+b+c)/2.

Cosine rule

In any triangle, a² = b² + c² − 2bc·cos A, generalizing the Pythagorean theorem to non-right triangles.

Geometric progression sum

For geometric progression with first term b₁ and ratio q, the sum of n terms is Sₙ = b₁(qⁿ − 1)/(q − 1), q ≠ 1.

Kazakh Khanate founding

The Kazakh Khanate was founded in 1465–1466 by Kerey and Zhanibek after separating from Abu'l-Khayr's Uzbek Khanate in Zhetysu.

Жеті жарғы code

«Жеті жарғы» (Seven Charters) is the code of laws attributed to Tauke Khan, regulating land, family, and criminal matters in the Kazakh Khanate.

1731 Junior Zhuz protectorate

In 1731 the Junior Zhuz under Abu'lkhair Khan accepted Russian protectorate, beginning the gradual incorporation of Kazakh lands into the Russian Empire.

Alash Orda formation

The Alash Orda national government was created in December 1917 in Orenburg by Kazakh intellectuals seeking autonomy for the Kazakh steppe.

Kazakhstan independence date

Kazakhstan declared state independence on 16 December 1991, becoming a sovereign republic after the dissolution of the Soviet Union.

Ohm's law

For a circuit section, current I equals voltage U divided by resistance R: I = U/R. Series resistances add; parallel resistances combine reciprocally.

Molar volume of gas

One mole of any gas at standard temperature and pressure occupies 22.4 litres; moles n = m/M and N = n·N_A.

Photosynthesis equation

Photosynthesis converts carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂, using light energy in chloroplasts.

Mitosis versus meiosis

Mitosis produces two genetically identical diploid cells for growth. Meiosis produces four haploid gametes with genetic recombination through crossing over.

Kazakhstan highest point

Khan Tengri, at 7010 metres in the Tian Shan range on the Kyrgyz border, is the highest point of Kazakhstan.

Third conditional

The third conditional uses If + Past Perfect and would have + V3 to describe an unreal past situation and its imagined result.

Passive voice formation

The passive is formed with the verb «be» in the required tense plus past participle V3: is built, was built, has been built, will be built.

Reported speech backshift

In reported speech, present becomes past, past becomes past perfect, and «will» becomes «would», with pronouns and time markers adjusted.

Defining relative clauses

Defining relative clauses identify the noun and take no commas; «that» is allowed. Non-defining clauses add extra information, take commas, and forbid «that».

Byte and bit

One byte equals 8 bits. Data units scale by 1024: 1 KB = 1024 bytes, 1 MB = 1024 KB, 1 GB = 1024 MB.

Boolean AND and OR

AND (conjunction) outputs 1 only when both inputs are 1. OR (disjunction) outputs 1 when at least one input is 1.

Binary to decimal conversion

Each binary digit represents a power of two from right to left; 1010₂ = 8 + 2 = 10 in decimal notation.

Absolute cell reference

In spreadsheets, $B$3 is an absolute reference that stays fixed when a formula is copied, unlike relative B3 which shifts.

Kazakhstan Constitution date

Kazakhstan's current Constitution was adopted by national referendum on 30 August 1995, defining the state as democratic, secular, legal, and social.

Branches of state power

Kazakhstan separates power into legislative (Parliament: Mazhilis and Senate), executive (President and Government), and judicial branches.