Sri Lanka ICT Service Exam flashcards

32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.

Bit and Byte

A bit is a binary digit (0 or 1); a byte is 8 bits. Bytes measure storage size, while bits often measure transmission speed.

Von Neumann Architecture

Computer design where CPU, memory, and I/O share a common bus and instructions/data reside in the same memory, enabling stored-program execution.

Cloud Service Models

IaaS provides infrastructure, PaaS provides development platforms, and SaaS provides ready applications over the internet on a subscription or pay-per-use basis.

CPU Cache

Small, fast memory between CPU and RAM (L1, L2, L3) that stores frequently used data to reduce access latency and improve processing speed.

SSD vs HDD

SSD uses flash memory with no moving parts, offering faster access and shock resistance; HDD uses magnetic platters, offering lower cost per gigabyte.

RAID Levels

RAID 0 stripes for speed without redundancy; RAID 1 mirrors for redundancy; RAID 5 stripes with parity, tolerating one disk failure while improving performance.

OSI Model

Seven-layer reference model: Physical, Data Link, Network, Transport, Session, Presentation, Application, standardizing network communication functions.

TCP vs UDP

TCP is connection-oriented with reliable, ordered delivery and error recovery; UDP is connectionless, faster, with no delivery guarantee, suited for streaming.

DNS and DHCP

DNS translates domain names into IP addresses. DHCP automatically assigns IP addresses and network configuration to devices joining a network.

Primary Key

A column or set of columns that uniquely identifies each row in a relational table and cannot contain null values.

ACID Properties

Atomicity, Consistency, Isolation, and Durability ensure database transactions are processed reliably even during failures or concurrent access.

Third Normal Form

A relation in 2NF with no transitive dependency, meaning non-key attributes depend only on the primary key, reducing redundancy and anomalies.

SDLC

Systems Development Life Cycle: requirements, design, implementation, testing, deployment, and maintenance phases guiding structured software development.

Agile Methodology

Iterative development approach using short sprints, continuous customer feedback, and adaptive planning to deliver working software incrementally.

Black-box Testing

Testing technique examining functionality without knowledge of internal code structure, focusing on inputs, outputs, and expected behavior.

CIA Triad

Core information security principles: Confidentiality (authorized access only), Integrity (accurate and unaltered data), Availability (accessible when needed).

Symmetric vs Asymmetric Encryption

Symmetric uses one shared secret key for encryption and decryption; asymmetric uses a public key to encrypt and a private key to decrypt.

Phishing

Social engineering attack using fraudulent emails or websites to trick users into revealing credentials, financial data, or installing malware.

e-Government Models

G2C serves citizens, G2B serves businesses, G2G supports inter-agency collaboration, and G2E serves government employees through digital channels.

Digital Identity

Electronic representation of a person or entity used for authentication in online services, often via national digital ID or digital certificates.

Open Data

Publicly available government datasets published in machine-readable formats for transparency, innovation, and reuse by citizens and developers.

Project Triple Constraint

Scope, time, and cost are interdependent project constraints; changing one typically affects the others and overall quality.

Critical Path Method

Project scheduling technique identifying the longest sequence of dependent tasks, determining minimum project duration and tasks with zero float.

Request for Proposal

Procurement document inviting vendors to submit solutions and pricing for a defined requirement, evaluated on technical and financial criteria.

Open Source License

License permitting use, modification, and redistribution of source code under conditions such as attribution or share-alike, e.g., GPL, MIT, Apache.

Intellectual Property

Legal rights protecting creations: copyright for expression, patents for inventions, trademarks for brands, and trade secrets for confidential information.

Professional Ethics in ICT

Principles guiding ICT professionals: competence, integrity, confidentiality, objectivity, accountability, and avoidance of conflicts of interest.

Big Data 5 Vs

Volume (size), Velocity (speed), Variety (types), Veracity (quality), and Value (usefulness) characterize big data and its analytical potential.

Blockchain

Distributed ledger of cryptographically linked blocks maintained by consensus across nodes, providing immutability, transparency, and decentralized trust.

Internet of Things

Network of physical devices embedded with sensors and software that collect and exchange data over the internet for monitoring and automation.

Good Governance

Public administration principles including accountability, transparency, rule of law, participation, equity, responsiveness, and efficiency in service delivery.

Sustainable Development Goals

Seventeen global goals adopted by the United Nations in 2015 to address poverty, inequality, climate, and sustainable development by 2030.