Computer Hardware
Computer Hardware tests component function, compatibility, and first-line diagnosis. The exam favours structured troubleshooting over memorising model numbers.
Core rules
- The motherboard connects CPU, RAM, expansion cards and storage through chipset buses and interfaces such as SATA, NVMe/PCIe, USB and Ethernet.
- CPU performance depends on cores, clock, cache and instruction set; more cores do not automatically speed a single-threaded task.
- RAM is volatile; SSDs are flash-based and need TRIM; HDDs are mechanical and sensitive to shock. PSU wattage and connector type must match load and motherboard.
- Use POST/beep codes, BIOS/UEFI diagnostics and substitution with known-good parts before replacing components.
Worked example
A desktop's fans spin but there is no display. Reasoning: power reaches the board, so check the monitor and cable first; then listen for POST codes. Reseat RAM and test one stick at a time, then reseat or substitute the GPU if a discrete card is fitted. If still dead, test the PSU under load and check the CPU power connector. Only then suspect the motherboard. This order avoids buying parts before isolating the fault.
Traps
RAM is not storage; an NVMe drive is not automatically compatible with every M.2 slot; a higher-wattage PSU does not fix a faulty connector; and thermal paste is not a substitute for a correctly mounted cooler. Always apply ESD precautions.