JCE Clothing and Textiles flashcards
JCE Clothing and Textiles · Build recall with a focused review session.
32 cards. Read the term and the definition here. The deck at the top of this page is optional.
- Staple vs filament fibre
- Staple fibres are short lengths that must be twisted into yarn; filament fibres are continuous. Cotton and wool are staple; silk and polyester filament are continuous.
- Denier definition
- Denier is the mass in grams of 9,000 metres of yarn. A higher denier means a coarser, heavier yarn; a lower denier means a finer yarn.
- Plain weave
- The simplest weave where warp and weft interlace one over one. It is strong, firm, and low-drape, used for poplin, calico, and muslin.
- Twill weave
- A weave with diagonal lines formed by passing the weft over two or more warp threads. It is durable and used for denim, gabardine, and serge.
- Mercerizing finish
- Treating cotton with caustic soda under tension. It increases lustre, tensile strength, and dye uptake, and improves dimensional stability.
- Sanforizing
- A mechanical compressive-shrinkage finish that reduces residual shrinkage of cotton fabrics to under about one percent, preventing garments shrinking after washing.
- Water repellent vs waterproof
- Water-repellent finishes bead water on the surface but allow vapour through; waterproof coatings block liquid water completely but also reduce breathability.
- Reactive dye
- A dye that forms covalent bonds with cellulose fibres. It gives excellent wash fastness and bright colours, and is widely used on cotton.
- Disperse dye
- A finely dispersed dye used mainly on synthetic fibres such as polyester and acetate. It is applied at high temperature or by sublimation transfer printing.
- Crocking fastness
- Resistance of a dyed fabric to colour transfer by rubbing. It is tested dry and wet, and rated on a grey scale, usually one to five.
- Metamerism
- A colour match that appears correct under one light source but different under another. Samples must be checked under the specified illuminant.
- Wearing ease
- The extra measurement built into a pattern beyond body measurements to allow movement and comfort. Woven blouses typically use five to ten centimetres of bust ease.
- Dart manipulation
- Moving a dart to a new position around the bust apex without changing fit. The apex point is retained and the dart is rotated or slashed.
- Grainline
- A pattern marking showing the direction of the warp threads. It must run parallel to the centre front or back to prevent twisting.
- Full bust adjustment
- A pattern alteration that adds width and length to the front bodice to accommodate a larger bust, while keeping the side seam balanced.
- French seam
- A seam that encloses raw edges within itself. It is made by sewing wrong sides together, trimming, then sewing right sides together; suited to lightweight fabrics.
- Lockstitch 301
- The standard straight stitch formed by upper and lower threads interlocking inside the fabric. It is strong, non-stretching, and used for most woven seams.
- Overlock stitch
- A stitch that trims and encloses the seam edge while sewing it. It is used for neatening and for stretch seams on knits.
- Ballpoint needle
- A needle with a rounded tip that pushes between knit loops rather than piercing them. It prevents laddering and is used on jersey and other knits.
- Care label symbols
- Standard symbols for washing, bleaching, drying, ironing, and professional care. A cross through a symbol means that operation must not be carried out.
- Sanforized shrinkage
- Cotton fabric treated by compressive shrinkage so residual shrinkage is under about one percent. Unsanforized cotton may shrink three to five percent.
- Dry-cleaning symbol P
- The circle with the letter P indicates professional dry cleaning with perchloroethylene. It is the most common solvent for general garments.
- Enzyme detergent caution
- Detergents containing protease enzymes break down protein soils and can damage wool and silk, so they should not be used on these protein fibres.
- Protein stain removal
- Blood, egg, and milk stains should be treated with cold water first. Hot water sets protein stains and makes them harder to remove.
- Water hardness and detergent
- Hard water contains dissolved calcium and magnesium that reduce detergent efficiency. More detergent or a builder is needed to achieve good soil removal.
- Colour value and chroma
- Hue is the colour name, value is its lightness or darkness, and chroma is its saturation. Tints add white, shades add black, and tones add grey.
- Complementary colour scheme
- Two colours opposite each other on the colour wheel. The pairing creates high contrast and visual impact, and is often used for emphasis.
- Fashion croquis
- An elongated figure template, usually eight to nine heads tall, used as a base for sketching fashion designs and garment proportions.
- Markup versus margin
- Markup is profit as a percentage of cost; margin is profit as a percentage of selling price. Markup is always the larger figure for the same profit.
- Break-even quantity
- The number of units that must be sold to cover all costs. It equals fixed costs divided by selling price per unit minus variable cost per unit.
- Byssinosis
- A lung disease caused by inhaling cotton, flax, or hemp dust in textile mills. It is a recognised occupational hazard of fibre processing.
- GOTS certification
- The Global Organic Textile Standard certifies organic fibre content and sets environmental and social criteria across processing, including dyeing and finishing.